ReviewNutrients2021
Safety of Dietary Guanidinoacetic Acid: A Villain of a Good Guy?
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of six weeks of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation with and without creatine monohydrate on cognitive function and markers of health in healthy adults.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Trial
- Creatine-precursor exposure in ewe twin pregnancy directs metabolic effort and reworks the maternal-fetal vascular system, involving genetic markers that modulate the creatine pathway.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Prediagnostic plasma metabolite concentrations and liver cancer risk: A nested case-control study with long follow-up in the Shanghai Women's Health Study.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Effect of complex fermentation of two lactic acid bacteria on antioxidant activity, hypoglycaemic activity and metabolomics of corn juice.Food science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Metabolomics-based identification and validation of the creatine precursor guanidinoacetic acid for frailty in older adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- An indirect competitive ELISA for determination of guanidine acetic acid in animal feed.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Guanidinoacetic Acid and Its Impact on the Performance, Carcass and Meat Quality of Growing and Finishing Nellore Cattle.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Set Up and Utilization of a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Bioreactor System for Human Intestinal Studies and Microbial Co-Cultures.Current protocols · 2024Article
- Effect of Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, Blood Indices, Nutrient Digestion, and Nitrogen Metabolism in Angus Steers.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Evaluation of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on finishing beef steer growth performance, skeletal muscle cellular response, and carcass characteristics.Journal of animal science · 2024Article
- Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on liver and breast muscle fat deposition, lipid levels, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in ducks.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Post-marketing surveilance study of creatine-guanidinoacetic acid safety in healthy adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Effect of guanidinoacetic acid on the growth performance, myofiber, and adenine nucleotide of meat-type rabbits.Animal bioscience · 2023Article
- Exploring the association of physical activity with the plasma and urine metabolome in adolescents and young adults.Nutrition & metabolism · 2023Article
- Guanidinoacetic acid in human nutrition: Beyond creatine synthesis.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- Comparing the metabolic pathways of different clinical phases of bipolar disorder through metabolomics studies.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Lack of Epileptogenic Effects of the Creatine Precursor Guanidinoacetic Acid on Neuronal Cultures In Vitro.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Article
- Guanidinoacetic Acid as a Nutritional Adjuvant to Multiple Sclerosis Therapy.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is a natural amino acid derivative that is well-recognized for its central role in the biosynthesis of creatine, an essential compound involved in cellular energy metabolism. GAA (also known as glycocyamine or betacyamine) has been investigated as an energy-boosting dietary supplement in humans for more than 70 years. GAA is suggested to effectively increase low levels of tissue creatine and improve clinical features of cardiometabolic and neurological diseases, with GAA often outcompeting traditional bioenergetics agents in maintaining ATP status during stress. This perhaps happens due to a favorable delivery of GAA through specific membrane transporters (such as SLC6A6 and SLC6A13), previously dismissed as un-targetable carriers by other therapeutics, including creatine. The promising effects of dietary GAA might be countered by side-effects and possible toxicity. Animal studies reported neurotoxic and pro-oxidant effects of GAA accumulation, with exogenous GAA also appearing to increase methylation demand and circulating homocysteine, implying a possible metabolic burden of GAA intervention. This mini-review summarizes GAA toxicity evidence in human nutrition and outlines functional GAA safety through benefit-risk assessment and multi-criteria decision analysis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.