ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Hypothesizing in the Face of the Opioid Crisis Coupling Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Testing with Electrotherapeutic Nonopioid Modalities Such as H-Wave Could Attenuate Both Pain and Hedonic Addictive Behaviors.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Managing Opioid Tolerance: Balancing Pain Relief and Tackling Addiction.Current drug safety · 2026Article
- Billions Spent, Few Saved: Rethinking National Institutes of Health HEAL Initiative in Light of Dopaminergic Alternatives to the Opioid Trap.International journal of spine surgery · 2025Article
- Prehabilitation Reimagined as Policy: A Multidimensional Framework to Reduce Pain, Opioid Use, and Surgical Risk.International journal of spine surgery · 2025Article
- A Pharmacogenomics-Based In Silico Investigation of Opioid Prescribing in Post-operative Spine Pain Management and Personalized Therapy.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Summary Document Research on RDS Anti-addiction Modeling: Annotated Bibliography.Journal of addiction psychiatry · 2024Article
- Invited Expert Opinion- Bioinformatic and Limitation Directives to Help Adopt Genetic Addiction Risk Screening and Identify Preaddictive Reward Dysregulation: Required Analytic Evidence to Induce Dopamine Homeostatsis.Medical research archives · 2023Article
- The First Exploratory Personalized Medicine Approach to Improve Bariatric Surgery Outcomes Utilizing Psychosocial and Genetic Risk Assessments: Encouraging Clinical Research.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Positive Clinical Outcomes for Severe Reported Pain Using Robust Non-Addictive Home Electrotherapy-A Case-Series.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Future Newborns with Opioid-Induced Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) Could Be Assessed with the Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Test and Potentially Treated Using Precision Amino-Acid Enkephalinase Inhibition Therapy (KB220) as a Frontline Modality Instead of Potent Opioids.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Offering a putative neurobiological "dopamine homeostatic" solution to overcome the perils of the reward deficiency syndrome pandemic: emergence of "precision behavioral management".Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- "Preaddiction" construct and reward deficiency syndrome: genetic link via dopaminergic dysregulation.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Should Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Be Considered an Umbrella Disorder for Mental Illness and Associated Genetic and Epigenetic Induced Dysregulation of Brain Reward Circuitry?Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 10 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In the United States, amid the opioid overdose epidemic, nonaddicting/nonpharmacological proven strategies are available to treat pain and manage chronic pain effectively without opioids. Evidence supporting the long-term use of opioids for pain is lacking, as is the will to alter the drug-embracing culture in American chronic pain management. Some pain clinicians seem to prefer classical analgesic agents that promote unwanted tolerance to analgesics and subsequent biological induction of the "addictive brain". Reward genes play a vital part in modulation of nociception and adaptations in the dopaminergic circuitry. They may affect various sensory and affective components of the chronic pain syndromes. The Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) test coupled with the H-Wave at entry in pain clinics could attenuate pain and help prevent addiction. The GARS test results identify high-risk for both drug and alcohol, and H-Wave can be initiated to treat pain instead of opioids. The utilization of H-Wave to aid in pain reduction and mitigation of hedonic addictive behaviors is recommended, notwithstanding required randomized control studies. This frontline approach would reduce the possibility of long-term neurobiological deficits and fatalities associated with potent opioid analgesics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.