ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Transgenerational Transmission of Trauma across Three Generations of Alevi Kurds.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Parent-Child Communication after Parental Exposure to Potentially Traumatic Events: A Systematic Review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2026Pooled it
- Transgenerational transfer of genocidal trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- "I'm restlessly eager to breastfeed": breastfeeding narratives of internally displaced Yazidi genocide survivors in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Inclusive inquiry: a compassionate journey in trauma-informed qualitative research with GBV survivors from displaced communities.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- The importance of cultural understanding and practical solutions during the handover of a psychotherapy and psychotraumatology program in Northern Iraq into local hands.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- The psychological impact of genocide on the Yazidis.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Canada's Colonial Genocide of Indigenous Peoples: A Review of the Psychosocial and Neurobiological Processes Linking Trauma and Intergenerational Outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThus far, most researchers on genocide and transgenerational transmissions have focused on the National Socialist Holocaust as the most abhorrent example of this severe human rights violation. Few data have been published on other ethnic or religious groups affected by genocidal actions in this context. METHODOLOGY: Using a mixed-method approach integrating qualitative interviews with standardized instruments (SCID and PDS), this study examines how individual and collective trauma have been handed down across three generations in an Alevi Kurd community whose members (have) suffered genocidal perpetrations over a longer time period (a "genocidal environment"). Qualitative, open-ended interviews with members of three generations answering questions yielded information on (a) how their lives are shaped by the genocidal experiences from the previous generation and related victim experiences, (b) how the genocidal events were communicated in family narratives, and (c) coping strategies used. The first generation is the generation which directly suffered the genocidal actions. The second generation consists of children of those parents who survived the genocidal actions. Together with their family (children, partner, relatives), this generation suffered forced displacement. Members of the third generation were born in the diaspora where they also grew up.
resultsParticipants reported traumatic memories, presented in examples in this publication. The most severe traumatic memories included the Dersim massacre in 1937-1938 in Turkey, with 70,000-80,000 victims killed, and the enforced resettlement in western Turkey. A content analysis revealed that the transgenerational transmission of trauma continued across three generations. SCID and PDS data indicated high rates of distress in all generations.
conclusionsGenocidal environments such as that of the Kurdish Alevis lead to transgenerational transmission mediated by complex factors.
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