Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35009953›Full record

ArticleNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Cytochalasin B Treatment and Osmotic Pressure Enhance the Production of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) with Improved Drug Loading Capacity.

Ashita Nair, Jiyoon Bu, Piper A Rawding, Steven C Do, Hangpeng Li, Seungpyo Hong

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  5. Article
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  11. Extracellular Vesicles: A New Star for Gene Drug Delivery.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
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  17. Article
  18. Methods of the Large-Scale Production of Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Review
  19. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ashita NairDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Jiyoon BuDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Piper A RawdingDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Steven C DoDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Hangpeng LiDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Seungpyo HongDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.

Funding

Division of Materials Research 1741560Division of Materials Research 1808251
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been highlighted as novel drug carriers due to their unique structural properties and intrinsic features, including high stability, biocompatibility, and cell-targeting properties. Although many efforts have been made to harness these features to develop a clinically effective EV-based therapeutic system, the clinical translation of EV-based nano-drugs is hindered by their low yield and loading capacity. Herein, we present an engineering strategy that enables upscaled EV production with increased loading capacity through the secretion of EVs from cells via cytochalasin-B (CB) treatment and reduction of EV intravesicular contents through hypo-osmotic stimulation. CB (10 µg/mL) promotes cells to extrude EVs, producing ~three-fold more particles than through natural EV secretion. When CB is induced in hypotonic conditions (223 mOsm/kg), the produced EVs (hypo-CIMVs) exhibit ~68% less intravesicular protein, giving 3.4-fold enhanced drug loading capacity compared to naturally secreted EVs. By loading doxorubicin (DOX) into hypo-CIMVs, we found that hypo-CIMVs efficiently deliver their drug cargos to their target and induce up to ~1.5-fold more cell death than the free DOX. Thus, our EV engineering offers the potential for leveraging EVs as an effective drug delivery vehicle for cancer treatment.

Indexed as

cytochalasin B (CB)drug deliveryexosome mimeticextracellular vesicleshypo-osmotic pressuremembrane vesicles

Identifiers

PMID35009953
PMCPMC8746776

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.