Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35009326›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Benefits of Residual Aluminum Oxide for Sand Blasting Titanium Dental Implants: Osseointegration and Bactericidal Effects.

Javier Gil, Román Pérez, Mariano Herrero-Climent, Maria Rizo-Gorrita, Daniel Torres-Lagares, Jose Luis Gutierrez

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The dental implant surface: a review of the past, present and future.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026
    Review
  3. Distribution and Chemical Nature of AlBioMed research international · 2026
    Article
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  14. The Impact of AlMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Javier GilBioengineering Institute of Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Cataluña, c. Josep Trueta s/n. Sant Cugat del Valles, 08125 Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6824-1412
Román PérezBioengineering Institute of Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Cataluña, c. Josep Trueta s/n. Sant Cugat del Valles, 08125 Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0823-2303
Mariano Herrero-ClimentPorto Dental Institute, 4150-518 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-3284-1528
Maria Rizo-GorritaFaculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, C/Avicena s/n., 41009 Seville, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1944-9871
Daniel Torres-LagaresFaculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, C/Avicena s/n., 41009 Seville, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9302-7138
Jose Luis GutierrezFaculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, C/Avicena s/n., 41009 Seville, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe purpose of this work was to determine the influence of residual alumina after sand blasting treatment in titanium dental implants. This paper studied the effect of alumina on physico-chemical surface properties, such as: surface wettability, surface energy. Osseointegration and bacteria adhesion were determined in order to determine the effect of the abrasive particles. MATERIALS AND

methodsThree surfaces were studied: (1) as-received, (2) rough surface with residual alumina from sand blasting on the surface and (3) with the same roughness but without residual alumina. Roughness was determined by white light interferometer microscopy. Surface wettability was evaluated with a contact angle video-based system and the surface free energy by means of Owens and Wendt equation. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with microanalysis was used to study the morphology and determine the chemical composition of the surfaces. Bacteria (Lactobacillus salivarius and Streptococcus sanguinis) were cultured in each surface. In total, 110 dental implants were placed into the bone of eight minipigs in order to compare the osseointegration. The percentage of bone-to-implant contact was determined after 4 and 6 weeks of implantation with histometric analysis.

resultsThe surfaces with residual alumina presented a lower surface free energy than clean surfaces. The in vivo studies demonstrated that the residual alumina accelerated bone tissue growth at different implantation times, in relation to clean dental implants. In addition, residual alumina showed a bactericidal effect by decreasing the quantity of bacteria adhering to the titanium.

conclusionsIt is possible to verify the benefits that the alumina (percentages around 8% in weight) produces on the surface of titanium dental implants. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians should be aware of the benefits of sand-blasted alumina due to the physico-chemical surface changes demonstrated in in vivo tests.

Indexed as

aluminaosseointegrationsurfacestitanium implants

Identifiers

PMID35009326
PMCPMC8746027

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.