Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35009298›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams with Reduced Flammability and Cytotoxicity.

Małgorzata Okrasa, Milena Leszczyńska, Kamila Sałasińska, Leonard Szczepkowski, Paweł Kozikowski, Adriana Nowak, Justyna Szulc, Agnieszka Adamus-Włodarczyk, Michał Gloc, Katarzyna Majchrzycka and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Małgorzata OkrasaDepartment of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Wierzbowa 48, 90-133 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4980-0909
Milena LeszczyńskaFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland.
Kamila SałasińskaFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2793-8555
Leonard SzczepkowskiFAMPUR Adam Przekurat Company, Gersona 40/30, 83-305 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Paweł KozikowskiDepartment of Chemical, Aerosol and Biological Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0854-4024
Adriana NowakDepartment of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-530 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1865-4833
Justyna SzulcDepartment of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-530 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6601-2376
Agnieszka Adamus-WłodarczykDepartment of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Wierzbowa 48, 90-133 Lodz, Poland.
Michał GlocFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland.
Katarzyna MajchrzyckaDepartment of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Wierzbowa 48, 90-133 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0813-4260
Joanna RyszkowskaFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4319-1869

Funding

This paper has been based on the results of aThe fifth stage of the National Programme "Improvement of safety and working conditions" partly supported in 2020-2022 by the National Centre for Research and Development project no. III.PB.1 entitled "Development of a self-fitting face seal for respiratory protective devices"
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Consistent and proper use of respiratory protective devices (RPD) is one of the essential actions that can be taken to reduce the risk of exposure to airborne hazards, i.e., biological and nonbiological aerosols, vapours, and gases. Proper fit of the facepiece and comfort properties of RPDs play a crucial role in effective protection and acceptance of RPDs by workers. The objective of the present paper was to develop viscoelastic polyurethane foams for use in RPD seals characterised by proper elasticity, allowing for the enhancement of the device fit to the face and the capability of removing moisture from the skin in order to improve the comfort of RPD use. Moreover, it was pivotal to ensure the non-flammability of the foams, as well as a simultaneous reduction in their cytotoxicity. The obtained foams were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. Measurements also involved gel fraction, apparent density, compression set, rebound resilience, wettability, flammability, and cytotoxicity. The results are discussed in the context of the impact of modifications to the foam formulation (i.e., flame-retardant type and content) on the desired foam properties. The test results set directions for future works aimed to develop viscoelastic polyurethane foams that could be applied in the design of respiratory protective devices.

Indexed as

comfortcustomisationcytotoxicityleak tightnesslimited flammabilityrespiratory protective devicesviscoelastic polyurethane foams

Identifiers

PMID35009298
PMCPMC8746040

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.