Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35009250›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Early-Age Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Mortar with Spent Garnet.

Szymon Skibicki, Patrycja Jakubowska, Maria Kaszyńska, Daniel Sibera, Krzysztof Cendrowski, Marcin Hoffmann

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Szymon SkibickiFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów 50a, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2918-7759
Patrycja JakubowskaFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów 50a, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6193-6628
Maria KaszyńskaFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów 50a, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8867-6974
Daniel SiberaFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów 50a, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
Krzysztof CendrowskiFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów 50a, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-7913-6300
Marcin HoffmannFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2418-4759

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study determines the effect of spent garnet as a replacement for natural sand in 3D-printed mortar at early ages. Five mixes with different spent garnet amounts were prepared (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% by volume). The ratio of binder to aggregate remained unchanged. In all mixes the water/binder ratio was assumed as a constant value of 0.375. Tests were performed to confirm the printability of the mix (a path quality test using a gantry robot with an extruder). Determinations of key buildability properties of the mix (green strength and Young's Modulus) during uniaxial compressive strength at 15 min, 30 min and 45 min after adding water were conducted. A hydraulic press and the GOM ARAMIS precision image analysis system were used to conduct the study. The results showed that an increase in spent garnet content caused a decrease in green strength and Young's Modulus (up to 69.91% and 80.37%, respectively). It was found that to maintain proper buildability, the recommended maximum replacement rate of natural sand with garnet is 50%. This research contributes new knowledge in terms of using recycled waste in the 3D printing technology of cementitious materials.

Indexed as

3D concrete3D mortaraggregate replacementfine aggregate replacementgarnet wastenatural sand replacementrecycled aggregatespent garnetsustainability

Identifiers

PMID35009250
PMCPMC8746219

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.