ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Gut Microbiota as a Source of Uremic Toxins.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 0 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the gut microbiota in older people with and without sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- An Extensively Hydrolyzed Formula Supplemented with Two Human Milk Oligosaccharides Modifies the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome in Infants with Cow's Milk Protein Allergy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Mechanisms Linking Recurrent Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections to Chronic Kidney Disease Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Role of Microbial Toxins in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights and Future Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Gut-kidney axis: Dysbiosis and renal disease.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- Gut-Kidney Axis: Unraveling the Role of the Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Differences in gut microbiota composition are an important reason for lower serum p-cresol sulfate levels in anuric peritoneal dialysis patients compared to hemodialysis patients.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
- Distinct Gut Microbiome Signatures in Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplant Populations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Spatial metabolic and phenotypic characterization of the germ-free mouse model.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Article
- Reduction in Serum Concentrations of Uremic Toxins Driven by Bifidobacterium Longum Subsp. Longum BL21 is Associated with Gut Microbiota Changes in a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Obesity-Related Kidney Disease: A Growing Threat to Renal Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Obesity-Related Glomerulosclerosis-How Adiposity Damages the Kidneys.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Acute perioperative alterations in metabolism: A pilot study using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.Surgery · 2025Article
- Select microbial metabolites in the small intestinal lumen regulate vagal activity via receptor-mediated signaling.iScience · 2025Article
- The mechanism of enterogenous toxin methylmalonic acid aggravating calcium-phosphorus metabolic disorder in uremic rats by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiota in Patients Receiving Dialysis: A Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cardiometabolic comorbidities and complications of obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD).Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Uremic retention solutes are the compounds that accumulate in the blood when kidney excretory function is impaired. Some of these compounds are toxic at high concentrations and are usually known as "uremic toxins". The cumulative detrimental effect of uremic toxins results in numerous health problems and eventually mortality during acute or chronic uremia, especially in end-stage renal disease. More than 100 different solutes increase during uremia; however, the exact origin for most of them is still debatable. There are three main sources for such compounds: exogenous ones are consumed with food, whereas endogenous ones are produced by the host metabolism or by symbiotic microbiota metabolism. In this article, we identify uremic retention solutes presumably of gut microbiota origin. We used database analysis to obtain data on the enzymatic reactions in bacteria and human organisms that potentially yield uremic retention solutes and hence to determine what toxins could be synthesized in bacteria residing in the human gut. We selected biochemical pathways resulting in uremic retention solutes synthesis related to specific bacterial strains and revealed links between toxin concentration in uremia and the proportion of different bacteria species which can synthesize the toxin. The detected bacterial species essential for the synthesis of uremic retention solutes were then verified using the Human Microbiome Project database. Moreover, we defined the relative abundance of human toxin-generating enzymes as well as the possibility of the synthesis of a particular toxin by the human metabolism. Our study presents a novel bioinformatics approach for the elucidation of the origin of both uremic retention solutes and uremic toxins and for searching for the most likely human microbiome producers of toxins that can be targeted and used for the therapy of adverse consequences of uremia.
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