ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Lipofuscin Granule Bisretinoid Oxidation in the Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium forms Cytotoxic Carbonyls.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) Signaling Pathway in Age-Related Eye Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Opportunities for therapy.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Review
- Near-Infrared Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Reveals Loss of RPE Cell Body Polarity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Blue Light-Induced Accelerated Formation of Melanolipofuscin-Like Organelles in Japanese Quail RPE Cells: An Electron Microscopic Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Antioxidants and Mechanistic Insights for Managing Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Non-Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Assessment: Focus on Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Pigment Granules: Norms, Age Relations and Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Spectral Analysis of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells in Healthy and AMD Eyes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Short-Term and Long-Term Effects after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation and Visible Light on Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium of Mouse Eye.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Protein-Mediated Carotenoid Delivery Suppresses the Photoinducible Oxidation of Lipofuscin in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Lipofuscin-Mediated Photic Stress Induces a Dark Toxic Effect on ARPE-19 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Photobiology of lipofuscin granules in the retinal pigment epithelium cells of the eye: norm, pathology, age.Biophysical reviews · 2022Review
- Overview of the "Photoreception" session at the 9th Congress of the Russian Photobiological Society: understanding structure and function of photoreceptors.Biophysical reviews · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of central blindness among the elderly. AMD is associated with progressive accumulation of lipofuscin granules in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Lipofuscin contains bisretinoid fluorophores, which are photosensitizers and are phototoxic to RPE and neuroretinal cells. In the presence of oxygen, bisretinoids are also oxidized, forming various products, consisting primarily of aldehydes and ketones, which are also potentially cytotoxic. In a prior study, we identified that in AMD, bisretinoid oxidation products are increased in RPE lipofuscin granules. The purpose of the present study was to determine if these products were toxic to cellular structures. The physicochemical characteristics of bisretinoid oxidation products in lipofuscin, which were obtained from healthy donor eyes, were studied. Raman spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analysis identified the presence of free-state aldehydes and ketones within the lipofuscin granules. Together, fluorescence spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry revealed that bisretinoid oxidation products have both hydrophilic and amphiphilic properties, allowing their diffusion through lipofuscin granule membrane into the RPE cell cytoplasm. These products contain cytotoxic carbonyls, which can modify cellular proteins and lipids. Therefore, bisretinoid oxidation products are a likely aggravating factor in the pathogenesis of AMD.
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