ReviewCancers2021
3D Cell Culture Models as Recapitulators of the Tumor Microenvironment for the Screening of Anti-Cancer Drugs.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Magnetic-Based Human Tissue 3D Cell Culture: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Mechanism-Informed Language Modeling and Oxygenated 3D Screening Identify Berberine-Enzalutamide Synergy in Prostate Cancer Models.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Multimodal Biophysical Analysis of Morpho-Phenotypic and Morpho-Functional Dynamics in Normal and Cancer Spheroids within Engineered Microenvironments.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Article
- Tumoricidal efficacy of DZ-1 dye conjugated to dihydroartemisinin in patient-derived colorectal liver metastasis tumoroids.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Recapitulating In Vivo Pharmacokinetics and Size-Dependent Nanomedicine Delivery in a Microfluidic Platform.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional spheroid models in breast cancer: tumor microenvironment complexity, cancer stem cell-driven resistance, and translational model integration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- From 2D to 3D Colorectal Cancer Patient-Derived Organoids (PDOs) and In Vivo Models: Copper(II) Complexes as Promising New Antitumor Agents.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Dynamic Perfusion and Cell Seeding Density Govern Remodeling and Mechanical Maturation of Bioprinted Collagen Constructs.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Next-generation models for lymphoid malignancies: the rise of 3D culture systems in translational hematology.British journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Exploring the therapeutic potential of momordica balsamina: A focus on anticancer and nephroprotective effects.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma-on-a-Chip Based on Microfluidic Well Array for Personalized Drug Evaluation.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- 3D bioprinting for cancer modeling and drug screening.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Cell Line-Dependent Effects of Spheroid Formation Method on Drug Response in Melanoma Models.Cells · 2026Article
- Evaluation of phloroglucinol for cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects in lung adenocarcinoma cells.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Screening anticancer peptides performance in organotypic prostate tumor-stroma 3D models.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- A perfused, parallelized blood brain barrier-tumor platform for compound permeation and efficacy investigations.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- Targeting Apoptosis-Resistant Proliferation: Imatinib-Based Combinations Induce Durable Cytostatic Arrest in 3D Endometrial Cancer Spheroids.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Microfluidic Control of Dorsal-Ventral Patterning Within a Single Forebrain Organoid.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- The latestExpert opinion on drug discovery · 2026Review
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Today, innovative three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have been proposed as viable and biomimetic alternatives for initial drug screening, allowing the improvement of the efficiency of drug development. These models are gaining popularity, given their ability to reproduce key aspects of the tumor microenvironment, concerning the 3D tumor architecture as well as the interactions of tumor cells with the extracellular matrix and surrounding non-tumor cells. The development of accurate 3D models may become beneficial to decrease the use of laboratory animals in scientific research, in accordance with the European Union's regulation on the 3R rule (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement). This review focuses on the impact of 3D cell culture models on cancer research, discussing their advantages, limitations, and compatibility with high-throughput screenings and automated systems. An insight is also given on the adequacy of the available readouts for the interpretation of the data obtained from the 3D cell culture models. Importantly, we also emphasize the need for the incorporation of additional and complementary microenvironment elements on the design of 3D cell culture models, towards improved predictive value of drug efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.