ArticleEnvironment international2022
Prenatal phthalate exposure in relation to placental corticotropin releasing hormone (pCRH) in the CANDLE cohort.
Article in Environment international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phthalate Exposures and Placental Health in Animal Models and Humans: A Systematic Review.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal mycoestrogen exposure in relation to timing of birth and placental corticotropin releasing hormone concentrations in a U.S. pregnancy cohort.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- The prenatal sex steroid theory of autism after 25 years.Nature human behaviour · 2026Review
- Environmental Toxicants in the Hispanic Community Epigenetically Contributing to Preeclampsia.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Review
- Associations of prenatal concentrations of environmental phthalates and phenols with preeclampsia.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- An assessment of organophosphate ester mixtures and the placental transcriptome.Environment international · 2025Article
- Gestational exposure to PMEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Associations between maternal plasma concentrations of corticotrophin releasing hormone and the placental transcriptome.Placenta · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to phthalates and phthalate replacements in relation to chorionic plate surface vasculature at delivery.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Reproductive and Social Policies, Sociopolitical Stress, and Implications for Maternal and Child Health Equity.Current environmental health reports · 2024Review
- The Association between Maternal Urinary Phthalate Concentrations and Blood Pressure in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Metabolites · 2023Review
- The Relationship between Phthalates and Diabetes: A Review.Metabolites · 2023Review
- A study on the association of placental and maternal urinary phthalate metabolites.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Article
- Cohort profile: the ECHO prenatal and early childhood pathways to health consortium (ECHO-PATHWAYS).BMJ open · 2022Article
- Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure in relation to placental corticotropin releasing hormone (pCRH) in the CANDLE pregnancy cohort.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
contextPhthalates may disrupt maternal-fetal-placental endocrine pathways, affecting pregnancy outcomes and child development. Placental corticotropin releasing hormone (pCRH) is critical for healthy pregnancy and child development, but understudied as a target of endocrine disruption.
objectiveTo examine phthalate metabolite concentrations (as mixtures and individually) in relation to pCRH.
designSecondary data analysis from a prospective cohort study.
settingPrenatal clinics in Tennessee, USA. PATIENTS: 1018 pregnant women (61.4% non-Hispanic Black, 32% non-Hispanic White, 6.6% other) participated in the CANDLE study and provided data. Inclusion criteria included: low-medical-risk singleton pregnancy, age 16-40, and gestational weeks 16-29.
interventionNone.
main outcome measuresPlasma pCRH at two visits (mean gestational ages 23.0 and 31.8 weeks) and change in pCRH between visits (ΔpCRH).
resultsIn weighted quantile sums (WQS) regression models, phthalate mixtures were associated with higher pCRH at Visit 1 (β = 0.07, 95 %CI: 0.02, 0.11) but lower pCRH at Visit 2 (β = -0.08, 95 %CI: -0.14, -0.02). In stratified analyses, among women with gestational diabetes (n = 59), phthalate mixtures were associated with lower pCRH at Visit 1 (β = -0.17, 95 %CI: -0.35, 0.0006) and Visit 2 (β = -0.35, 95 %CI: -0.50, -0.19), as well as greater ΔpCRH (β = 0.16, 95 %CI: 0.07, 0.25). Among women with gestational hypertension (n = 102), phthalate mixtures were associated with higher pCRH at Visit 1 (β = 0.20, 95 %CI: 0.03, 0.36) and Visit 2 (β = 0.42; 95 %CI: 0.19, 0.64) and lower ΔpCRH (β = -0.17, 95 %CI: -0.29, -0.06). Significant interactions between individual phthalate metabolites and pregnancy complications were observed.
conclusionsPhthalates may impact placental CRH secretion, with differing effects across pregnancy. Differences in results between women with and without gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension suggest a need for further research examining whether women with pregnancy complications may be more vulnerable to endocrine-disrupting effects of phthalates.
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