Observational studyAnnals of internal medicine2022
Prediction of End-Stage Kidney Disease Using Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate With and Without Race : A Prospective Cohort Study.
Observational study in Annals of internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Representation of multimorbidity and frailty in the development and validation of kidney failure prognostic prediction models: a systematic review.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Similar predictive performance and clinical utility of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation using EKFC or CKD-EPI estimated glomerular filtration rate.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- The kidney failure risk equation in people with CKD and multimorbidity: the effect of competing mortality risks.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026Observational
- External validation, recalibration, and clinical utility of the kidney failure risk equation in patients with advanced CKD: a nationwide retrospective cohort analysis in Peru.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Associations of weight-adjusted-waist index and systemic immune-inflammatory index with sKlotho: evidence from the NHANES 2007-2016.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Article
- Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality using race and race-free estimated glomerular filtration rate in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of Race-Free eGFR on Racial Disparity in Receiving Timely Outpatient Nephrology Care: an Observational Study : Racial Disparities in Outpatient Nephrology Care.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Observational
- Utility of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation and Estimated GFR for Estimating Time to Kidney Failure in Advanced CKD.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2023Article
- Removing race from the CKD-EPI equation and its impact on prognosis in a predominantly White European population.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023Article
- Assessment of Cystatin C Level for Risk Stratification in Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- European Kidney Function Consortium Equation vs. Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) Refit Equations for Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate: Comparison with CKD-EPI Equations in the Korean Population.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Genetic ancestry in precision medicine is reshaping the race debate.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Predicting patients who are likely to develop Lupus Nephritis of those newly diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNew estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations removed race adjustment, but the impact of its removal on prediction of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is unknown.
objectiveTo compare the ESKD prediction performance of different eGFR equations.
designObservational, prospective cohort study.
setting7 U.S. clinical centers.
participants3873 participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study contributing 13 902 two-year risk periods. MEASUREMENTS: ESKD was defined as initiation of dialysis or transplantation. eGFR was calculated using 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations based on serum creatinine and/or cystatin C, with or without race adjustment. The predicted 2-year risk for ESKD was calculated using the 4-variable Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE). We evaluated the prediction performance of eGFR equations and the KFRE score using discrimination and calibration analyses.
resultsDuring a maximum 16 years of follow-up, 856 participants developed ESKD. Across all eGFR equations, the KFRE score was superior for predicting 2-year incidence of ESKD compared with eGFR alone (area under the curve ranges, 0.945 to 0.954 vs. 0.900 to 0.927). Prediction performance of KFRE scores using different eGFR equations was similar, but the creatinine equation without race adjustment improved calibration among Black participants. Among all participants, compared with an eGFR less than 20 mL/min/1.73 m LIMITATION: Data are solely from the United States.
conclusionThe KFRE score better predicts 2-year risk for ESKD compared with eGFR alone, regardless of race adjustment. The creatinine equation with age and sex may improve calibration among Black patients. A KFRE score greater than 20% showed high specificity and sensitivity for predicting 2-year risk for ESKD. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institutes of Health.
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