Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35006329›Full record

SynthesisWorld journal of surgery2022

Bullying, Discrimination, Harassment, Sexual Harassment, and the Fear of Retaliation During Surgical Residency Training: A Systematic Review.

Arianna L Gianakos, Julie A Freischlag, Angela M Mercurio, R Sterling Haring, Dawn M LaPorte, Mary K Mulcahey, Lisa K Cannada, John G Kennedy

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in World journal of surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  5. The Influence of Sexual Identity on Sexual Harassment During Residency Training: A Survey Study.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Arianna L GianakosDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard-Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA. Algianakos@gmail.com.
Julie A FreischlagWake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Angela M MercurioHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
R Sterling HaringVanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Dawn M LaPorteDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mary K MulcaheyDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Lisa K CannadaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Novant Health Orthopaedics, Charlotte, NC, USA.
John G KennedyDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe negative effects of bullying, discrimination, harassment, and sexual harassment (BDHS) on well-being and productivity of surgical residents in training have been well documented. Despite this, little has changed over the past decade and these behaviors continue. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of each abusive behavior experienced by residents, identify the perpetrators, and examine the reporting tendency.

methodsA systematic review of articles published between 2010 and 2020 in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was performed following PRISMA guidelines. The following search terms were used: bullying, harassment, sexual harassment, discrimination, abuse, residency, surgery, orthopedic surgery, general surgery, otolaryngology, obstetrics, gynecology, urology, plastic surgery, and training.

resultsTwenty-five studies with 29,980 surgical residents were included. Sixty-three percent, 43, 29, and 27% of surgical residents experienced BDHS, respectively. Female residents reported experiencing all BDHS behaviors more often. Thirty-seven percent of resident respondents reported burnout, and 33% reported anxiety/depression. Attending surgeons, followed by senior co-residents, were the most common perpetrators. Seventy-one percent did not report the behavior to their institution. Fifty-one percent stated this was due to fear of retaliation. Of those who reported their experiences, 56% stated they had a negative experience reporting.

conclusionOur review demonstrates high prevalence rates of BDHS experienced by residents during surgical training, which have been associated with burnout, anxiety, and depression. The majority of residents did not report BDHS due to fear of retaliation. Residency programs need to devise methods to have a platform for residents to safely voice their complaints.

Indexed as

BullyingBurnout, ProfessionalInternship and ResidencySexual HarassmentFearFemaleHumansSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID35006329

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.