Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35005849›Full record

ArticlePharmacology research & perspectives2022

Risk of genital and urinary tract infections associated with SGLT-2 inhibitors as an add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study in Korea.

Hyeri Yang, Eunmi Choi, Eunjun Park, Eonji Na, Soo Youn Chung, Bonggi Kim, Soon Young Han

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

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  20. The Ketogenic Effect of SGLT-2 Inhibitors-Beneficial or Harmful?Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Hyeri YangDepartment of Drug Safety Information, Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Eunmi ChoiDepartment of Drug Safety Information, Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-8486-4222
Eunjun ParkDepartment of Drug Safety Information, Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Eonji NaDepartment of Drug Safety Information, Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Soo Youn ChungDepartment of Drug Safety Information, Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Bonggi KimDepartment of Drug Safety Information, Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-0965-1323
Soon Young HanDepartment of Drug Safety Information, Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are antidiabetic drugs with associated safety concerns regarding the risk of genital and urinary tract infections. This study assessed the risk of genital and urinary tract infections associated with prescription of SGLT-2 inhibitors as an add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sulfonylurea (SU), and thiazolidinedione (TZD). We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the NHIS-National Health Insurance-Database in Korea from 2014 to 2017. Patients aged ≥19 years and those diagnosed with T2DM prior to drug prescription were enrolled. The outcomes were genital and urinary tract infections. Analysis was performed using Cox's proportional hazard model following 1:1 propensity score matching to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Among the 107 131 patients included in the study, a total of 7738, 7145, and 2175 patients were assigned to the DPP-4 inhibitors, SU, and TZD comparator groups, using the propensity score (PS) of each comparator based on 7741 people in the assessed drug SGLT-2 inhibitor group. SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a higher risk of genital infections than DPP-4 inhibitors (HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 2.07-2.76), SU (HR: 3.23, 95% CI: 2.73-3.81), and TZD (HR: 3.23, 95% CI: 2.35-4.44), as an add-on therapy to metformin. Similar results were observed for the risk of urinary tract infections. In conclusion, SGLT-2 inhibitors are significantly associated with a higher risk of genital and urinary tract infections compared to DPP-4 inhibitors, SU, and TZD.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesDatabases, FactualDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleGenital DiseasesHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMaleMetforminMiddle AgedRepublic of KoreaDipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorsgenital infectionSGLT-2 inhibitorstype 2 diabetes mellitusurinary tract infection

Identifiers

PMID35005849
PMCPMC8929338
OpenAlexW4206018554

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.