ArticleAddictive behaviors reports2022
Addressing injecting related risks among people who inject both opioids and stimulants: Findings from an Australian survey of people who inject drugs.
Article in Addictive behaviors reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stigma in substance-based and behavioural addictions: A systematic review.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating Harm Reduction Advice From Large Language Models.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Characterizing non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs in India: prevalence and risk factor analysis, 2022-2024.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Associations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positivity with opioid, stimulant, and polysubstance injection among people who inject drugs (PWID) in rural U.S. communities.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Phenotyping people with a history of injecting drug use within electronic medical records using an interactive machine learning approach.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Article
- Unmet needs and harm reduction preferences of syringe services program participants: differences by co-use of illicit opioids and methamphetamine.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Gender identity, stimulant drug use, and criminal justice history on internalized stigma among a nationally representative sample of adults who misuse opioids.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Digital Epidemiological Approaches in HIV Research: a Scoping Methodological Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Article
- Patient and Provider Perspectives on a Novel, Low-Threshold HIV PrEP Program for People Who Inject Drugs Experiencing Homelessness.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- Does sexuality matter? A cross-sectional study of drug use, social injecting, and access to injection-specific care among men who inject drugs in Melbourne, Australia.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Methamphetamines and Serious Injection-Related Infections: Opioid Use Care Continuum and Opportunities to End Alabama's Drug Crisis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Integrating harm reduction and addiction care in HIV prevention among persons who inject drugs in the United States-a narrative review.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOpioids and stimulants are the most commonly injected illicit drugs worldwide and in Australia. While some people who inject drugs (PWID) prefer either opioids or stimulants, others regularly use both opioids and stimulants. Limited available research indicates that those who use opioids and stimulants together, either in combination or alternating between the two, may engage in injection-related practices which potentially place them at greater health risk and could lead to poorer health outcomes.
methodsParticipants were recruited nationally through member organizations of the Australian Injecting and Illicit Drug Users League (AIVL); these organizations represent PWID in each Australian state and territory. This study compared a sample of PWID (N = 535) who reported past-month injection of opioids only (N = 173), stimulants only (N = 208), or both (N = 154) on a range of health and wellbeing outcomes. PWID completed a survey assessing drugs injected, frequency of injecting, receptive equipment sharing, psychological distress, self-reported hepatitis C (HCV) status, experienced and internalized stigma, drug use salience, and community attachment.
resultsPeople who injected both opioids and stimulants reported more frequent injecting, more experiences of stigma, and greater reported HCV diagnosis than people who injected stimulants or opioids alone. They also showed greater attachment to a community of PWID and greater salience of drug use to their identity.
conclusionsThe findings of increased injecting and broader harms associated with injecting both stimulants and opioids are important for tailoring harm reduction and intervention designs for people who use both opioid and stimulant drugs, including prioritizing peer-based approaches.
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