ReviewInternational journal of women's dermatology2021
Of mice and men and women: Sexual dimorphism of the gut microbiome.
Review in International journal of women's dermatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Functional Equivalence and Conserved Sexual Dimorphism in the Gut Microbiome: A Cross-Species Meta-analysis.Journal of molecular evolution · 2026Pooled it
- When bad turns good: a systematic review on cholesterol and LDL in longitudinal patient cohorts with Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of 22,710 human microbiome metagenomes defines an oral-to-gut microbial enrichment score and associations with host health and disease.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Phagocytosis of microbial symbionts supports embryonic nutrition in the sponge Halichondria panicea.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex matters: mechanistic insights into sex-driven patterns of autoimmunity and implications for pharmacotherapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Systemic Consequences of Chronic Ethanol Intake: From Microbiome Shifts to Metabolic Impairment.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Article
- Dietary fructo-oligosaccharides dose-dependently modulate the microbiome and suppress type 2 lung inflammation in a murine model of house dust mite-induced allergic asthma.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Acute myocardial infarction induces sex-specific, time-dependent remodeling of the gut microbiome and intestinal immune compartment in retired breeder C57BL/6N mice.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2026Article
- Perinatal antibiotics in a db/db mouse model impact obesity and hyperglycemia in a microbiome-dependent manner.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2026Article
- Long-term TCDD oral exposure changes gut microbial glycosylation patterns in female but not male C57BL/6 mice.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Associations Between Serum Gut-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites and Cardiovascular Health Markers in Adolescents with Obesity.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiota in Women with Eating Disorders: A New Frontier in Pathophysiology and Treatment.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Gender differences in global antimicrobial resistance.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Delayed Impact of Ionizing Radiation Depends on Sex: Integrative Metagenomics and Metabolomics Analysis of Rodent Colon Content.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Hallmarks of Cancer Cachexia: Sexual Dimorphism in Related Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Dietary Fibre Modulates Body Composition, Blood Glucose, Inflammation, Microbiome, and Metabolome in a Murine Model of Periodontitis.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Salt-Responsive Gut Microbiota Induces Sex-Specific Blood Pressure Changes.Circulation research · 2024Article
- Gut microbes, diet, and genetics as drivers of metabolic liver disease: a narrative review outlining implications for precision medicine.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2024Review
- Impact of maternal high-fat diet on offspring gut microbiota during short-term high-fat diet exposure in mice.Physiological reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a critical role in developing and educating our immune system. Therefore, its now well-established role in autoimmunity and immune disorders is in some ways not surprising. However, it is well-documented in the literature that there is a female predisposition to autoimmune disorders, while sexual dimorphisms in the human microbiome have been confined largely to areas outside of the gut. Herein, we will review the evidence of sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiome in both mice and humans, how this differs in animal models versus humans, and how such dimorphisms may be established and influenced by both host and environmental factors. We will conclude with a discussion on how these aspects of the gut microbiome may contribute to both the study and pathogenesis of gender-specific autoimmunity and immune disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.