ReviewFrontiers in medicine2021
Red Blood Cell Extracellular Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery: Challenges and Opportunities.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Y-RBCEVs accelerate fracture repair through osteogenesis and VCAN-mediated CD44/PI3K/AKT-dependent macrophage polarization.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Engineered Red Blood Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles With Klotho Peptide Protect the Kidney From Fibrosis.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Inhibition of red blood cell-derived small extracellular vesicles release by calpeptin attenuates neutrophil inflammation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Status of Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Carriers and Therapeutics.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2026Article
- Red Blood Cell-Derived Exosomes Deliver Complement C5 to Exacerbate Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Injury after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles: From Biogenesis, Isolation and Molecular Characterization to Addressing Translational Gaps and Regulatory Barriers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- CD8a antibody-functionalized biomimetic red blood cell membrane ectosomes delivering C646 reverse CD8⁺ T Cell exhaustion via H3K18la histone delactylation in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Precision Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles as Programmable Carriers for mRNA Therapeutics.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Red Blood Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Gene and RNA Therapeutics: Biological, Engineering, and Translational Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Correlation between spectroscopic and stoichiometric protein to lipid ratios in erythrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles and nanoerythrosomes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exosomes miR-369-3p Alleviates Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Promoting Ferroptosis of M1 Microglia via Inhibiting iNOS/GPX4 Axis.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- The Potential of Red Blood Cells in Regenerative Medicine: A Paradigm Shift in Cellular Therapy.Cells · 2025Review
- Incorporation of recombinant proteins into extracellular vesicles by Lactococcus cremoris.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapeutic Cargo Delivery for Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles: emerging therapeutic agents for liver fibrosis.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Review
- FOXA2/miR-148a-3p/SMURF2 signaling feed-forward loop alleviates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced neuropathic pain by modulating microglia polarization in rats.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Red blood cell extracellular vesicles: new frontiers in hematological biomarker discovery.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Lipid Nanovesicles in Cancer Treatment: Improving Targeting and Stability of Antisense Oligonucleotides.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Impact of the production method on the properties of erythrocyte-derived extracellular particles: a quantitative and qualitative evaluation.Nanotheranostics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recently, red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (RBCEVs) have attracted attention for clinical applications because of their safety and biocompatibility. RBCEVs can escape macrophages through the binding of CD47 to inhibitory receptor signal regulatory protein α. Furthermore, genetic materials such as siRNA, miRNA, mRNA, or single-stranded RNA can be encapsulated within RBCEVs and then released into target cells for precise treatment. However, their side effects, half-lives, target cell specificity, and limited large-scale production under good manufacturing practice remain challenging. In this review, we summarized the biogenesis and composition of RBCEVs, discussed the advantages and disadvantages of RBCEVs for drug delivery compared with synthetic nanovesicles and non-red blood cell-derived EVs, and provided perspectives for overcoming current limitations to the use of RBCEVs for clinical applications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.