ReviewFrontiers in neurology2021
How Does Stroke Affect Skeletal Muscle? State of the Art and Rehabilitation Perspective.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effectiveness of virtual reality/motion-sensing games incorporating swing-based elements on upper limb function after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Assessment tools for patients with stroke-related sarcopenia: a scoping review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of home-based neurostimulation on outcomes after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of neuromobilization in the treatment of low back pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Optimal exercise prescription for balance after stroke: a Bayesian dose-response network meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Admission Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Is Associated with Cognitive Performance and Handgrip Strength Three Months After First-Ever Acute Ischaemic Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Differential Effects of Stroke Stage and Age on Sarcopenia in Stroke Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bone Turnover Markers as Biomarkers of Cough Dysfunction and Respiratory Risk in Subacute Ischemic Stroke.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Stroke increases motor output variability during maximal voluntary isometric contractions of knee extensor muscles in adults.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Lower-Limb Spasticity in an Individual With Subacute Stroke: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial-neuroimmune interfaces in post-stroke spasticity: from acute brain injury to chronic motor phenotypes.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Protective effects of early low-intensity exercise on the antigravity soleus muscle following focal cerebral infarction in rats.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
- Post-stroke sarcopenia as a neuromuscular disorder: a mini review of neural mechanisms and clinical implications.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Relationship of lower-limb muscle properties with motor control, walking and balance in stroke survivors.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of a 2-Month Program of Eccentric Training on Plantar Flexor Structure and Function in Hemiparesis After Stroke.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Article
- Muscle Structure and Function Recovery: Adalimumab-Calcium Channel Synergy in Post-Ischemic Stroke Sarcopenia.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Body Composition Alterations in Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2025Article
- Innovative stimulated muscle contraction signals based digital muscle marker: a reliable tool for assessing muscle in persons with stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Long-term disability caused by stroke is largely due to an impairment of motor function. The functional consequences after stroke are caused by central nervous system adaptations and modifications, but also by the peripheral skeletal muscle changes. The nervous and muscular systems work together and are strictly dependent in their structure and function, through afferent and efferent communication pathways with a reciprocal "modulation." Knowing how altered interaction between these two important systems can modify the intrinsic properties of muscle tissue is essential in finding the best rehabilitative therapeutic approach. Traditionally, the rehabilitation effort has been oriented toward the treatment of the central nervous system damage with a central approach, overlooking the muscle tissue. However, to ensure greater effectiveness of treatments, it should not be forgotten that muscle can also be a target in the rehabilitation process. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the skeletal muscle changes, directly or indirectly induced by stroke, focusing on the changes induced by the treatments most applied in stroke rehabilitation. The results of this review highlight changes in several muscular features, suggesting specific treatments based on biological knowledge; on the other hand, in standard rehabilitative practice, a realist muscle function evaluation is rarely carried out. We provide some recommendations to improve a comprehensive muscle investigation, a specific rehabilitation approach, and to draw research protocol to solve the remaining conflicting data. Even if a complete multilevel muscular evaluation requires a great effort by a multidisciplinary team to optimize motor recovery after stroke.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.