ArticleMolecular vision2021
Increased lacrimal inflammatory mediators in patients with keratoconus.
Article in Molecular vision, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mendelian randomization and genetic analyses reveal causal roles of immune cells and inflammatory proteins in keratoconus.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Comparison of tear film quantity parameters between keratoconus and normal eyes.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Integration of tear fluid biomarkers and machine learning for the early detection of keratoconus.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Identification of hub genes and molecular pathways in keratoconus by integrating bioinformatics and literature mining at the RNA level.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Increased inflammatory mediators in the ocular surface tissue in keratoconus.Molecular vision · 2024Article
- Level of Secretion and the Role of the Nerve Growth Factor in Patients with Keratoconus before and after Collagen Fibre Cross-Linking Surgery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Oxidative stress in the eye and its role in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases.Redox biology · 2023Review
- Systemic Associations with Keratoconus.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Characteristics of Autophagy-Related Genes, Diagnostic Models, and Their Correlation with Immune Infiltration in Keratoconus.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Identification of the immune-associated characteristics and predictive biomarkers of keratoconus based on single-cell RNA-sequencing and bulk RNA-sequencing.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Identification of Key Genes and Molecular Pathways in Keratoconus: Integrating Text Mining and Bioinformatics Analysis.BioMed research international · 2022Article
- Anterior segment characteristics in normal and keratoconus eyes evaluated with a new type of swept-source optical coherence tomography.PloS one · 2022Article
- Vision related quality of life in keratoconus patients with intra stromal corneal ring segments implantation.Oman journal of ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to characterize the tear film immunologic profile in keratoconus (KC) patients compared with healthy individuals (control group) and to investigate the correlation between the tear film immunologic profile and atopy, disease severity, and disease status over time. Methods: The study involved 30 KC patients and 18 healthy individuals. Tear collection was obtained using microcapillary tubes. Tear film levels of fractalkine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23, interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (ITAC), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α), MIP-1β, MIP-3α, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected. Keratometric measurements and topographic patterns were used to diagnose and define disease progression. Tear immunologic profiles were compared, emphasizing the presence or absence of ocular allergy. Correlations between the cytokine profile, disease severity, and disease status were also analyzed longitudinally in the KC patients. Results: Lacrimal cytokine concentrations were higher in the KC patients than they were in the controls in 14 of 21 cytokines analyzed. IL-6 was the most relevant cytokine found in KC patients, especially when associated with ocular allergy. There was no correlation between KC progression and the level of inflammatory cytokines when analyzed longitudinally. KC severity correlated with IL-6 concentration, where the more severe KC presented a higher IL-6 concentration in tears. Conclusions: Inflammatory activity seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of KC. Out of 21 cytokines, 14 were more concentrated in the tears of KC patients than healthy subjects. IL-6 was significantly higher in KC patients' tears and was related to disease severity. Disease progression did not correlate with cytokine levels when analyzed longitudinally.
Indexed as
Identifiers
35002211PMC8684811W4206884636What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.