ArticleVeterinary pathology2022
Ferrets are valuable models for SARS-CoV-2 research.
Article in Veterinary pathology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intestinal oxysterol remodeling underlies severe COVID-19 in an aged hamster model.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Development and characterization of mouse-adapted recombinant SARS-CoV-2 expressing reporter genes.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Intranasal infection of Rift Valley fever virus in the ferret model suggests multiple routes of neuroinvasion with consequential encephalitis and ophthalmitis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ferrets and genetically modified ferrets as model organisms in biomedical research: a review.Frontiers in genome editing · 2026Review
- The primary cilium as a compartmentalized signaling hub in tissue immunity and homeostasis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minksFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Article
- Translating animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection to vascular, neurological and gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- When less is statistically Equivalent: Lobe-Specific optimization of histopathological assessment in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.Computers in biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Peptide immunoarrays for rationale development of vaccines with enhanced cross-reactivity.PloS one · 2025Article
- The COVID-19 thrombus: distinguishing pathological, mechanistic, and phenotypic features and management.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2025Review
- Experimental animal models of acute respiratory distress syndrome: one-hit and two-hit establishment application.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Enhancing Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Aged Mice with INDUK: A Chimeric DNA Vaccine Encoding the Spike S1-TM Subunits.ACS omega · 2024Article
- A New Methodology for the Oxygen Measurement in Lung Tissue of an Aged Ferret Model Proves Hypoxia during COVID-19.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2024Article
- Scent dogs identify SARS-CoV-2-infections in respiratory samples from experimentally infected ferrets and hamsters-a pilot study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Comparative SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 variant and D614G-Wuhan strain infections in ferrets: insights into attenuation and disease progression during subclinical to mild COVID-19.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Article
- Hamster model for post-COVID-19 alveolar regeneration offers an opportunity to understand post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Ferrets as Models for Viral Respiratory Disease.Comparative medicine · 2023Review
- A linear SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine candidate reduces virus shedding in ferrets.Archives of virology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulted in an ongoing pandemic with millions of deaths worldwide. Infection of humans can be asymptomatic or result in fever, fatigue, dry cough, dyspnea, and acute respiratory distress syndrome with multiorgan failure in severe cases. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not fully understood, and various models employing different species are currently applied. Ferrets can be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and efficiently transmit the virus to contact animals. In contrast to hamsters, ferrets usually show mild disease and viral replication restricted to the upper airways. Most reports have used the intranasal inoculation route, while the intratracheal infection model is not well characterized. Herein, we present clinical, virological, and pathological data from young ferrets intratracheally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Infected animals showed no significant clinical signs, and had transient infection with peak viral RNA loads at 4 days postinfection, mild to moderate rhinitis, and pulmonary endothelialitis/vasculitis. Viral antigen was exclusively found in the respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity, indicating a particular tropism for cells in this location. Viral antigen was associated with epithelial damage and influx of inflammatory cells, including activated neutrophils releasing neutrophil extracellular traps. Scanning electron microscopy of the nasal respiratory mucosa revealed loss of cilia, shedding, and rupture of epithelial cells. The currently established ferret SARS-CoV-2 infection models are comparatively discussed with SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in mink, and the advantages and disadvantages of both species as research models for zoonotic betacoronaviruses are highlighted.
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