ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2022
The establishment and maintenance of dominance hierarchies.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spillover effects of competition outcome on future risky cooperation.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Article
- Neural basis of social hierarchy across species.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Serotonergic Modulation of Social Dominance via the Dorsal Raphe-Central Amygdala Circuit in Male Mice.Integrative zoology · 2026Article
- High Rank, Low Tolerance: Hierarchy-Dependent Reactions of Cohabiting Companion Dogs to Being Separated from Their Owner.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Succession Dominates Alpha Male Replacement in Despotic Rhesus Monkeys: Insights from a Long-Term Study in the Taihang Mountains, Henan Province, China.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Nest-founding paper wasps aggregate in "social leks" and decrease aggression during partner selection.Current zoology · 2026Article
- Review
- Glutamatergic projections from the substantia nigra pars reticulata to the dorsal raphe nucleus regulate male social hierarchies.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- The Effect of Social Rank on Reproductive Traits Depends on Rank Metric: Evidence From a Group-Living Carnivore.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Olfactory Disruption Restructures Collective Behavior and Increases Cohesive Group Dynamics.Biology · 2026Article
- The Complexity of Communication in Mammals: From Social and Emotional Mechanisms to Human Influence and Multimodal Applications.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Article
- Integrating behaviour, physiology, and immune response to social stress in fish.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Body tactile stimulation intensifies appeasement behavior in a cichlid fish.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Distinct oxytocin populations support seismic social communication and militant behaviors in a naturally solitary wild rodent.iScience · 2025Article
- Territory proximity influences aggression and modulates the relationship between social dominance and oxidative stress in a highly social African cichlid fish.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Rethinking raptors: caracaras as a model for avian cognition in the wild.Animal cognition · 2025Review
- Quantitative and systematic behavioral profiling reveals social complexity in eusocial naked mole-rats.Science advances · 2025Article
- An interdisciplinary linked-lives approach to individual differences in social behaviour.Nature human behaviour · 2025Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Animal groups are often organized hierarchically, with dominant individuals gaining priority access to resources and reproduction over subordinate individuals. Initial dominance hierarchy formation may be influenced by multiple interacting factors, including an animal's individual attributes, conventions and self-organizing social dynamics. After establishment, hierarchies are typically maintained over the long-term because individuals save time, energy and reduce the risk of injury by recognizing and abiding by established dominance relationships. A separate set of behaviours are used to maintain dominance relationships within groups, including behaviours that stabilize ranks (punishment, threats, behavioural asymmetry), as well as signals that provide information about dominance rank (individual identity signals, signals of dominance). In this review, we describe the behaviours used to establish and maintain dominance hierarchies across different taxa and types of societies. We also review opportunities for future research including: testing how self-organizing behavioural dynamics interact with other factors to mediate dominance hierarchy formation, measuring the long-term stability of social hierarchies and the factors that disrupt hierarchy stability, incorporating phenotypic plasticity into our understanding of the behavioural dynamics of hierarchies and considering how cognition coevolves with the behaviours used to establish and maintain hierarchies. This article is part of the theme issue 'The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies'.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.