ArticleNeurospine2021
Risk Factors for Pulmonary Cement Embolism (PCE) After Polymethylmethacrylate Augmentation: Analysis of 32 PCE Cases.
Article in Neurospine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Presentations, management strategies, and outcomes of intracardiac cement embolism following spinal vertebral augmentation: a systematic review of case reports.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Pooled it
- Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Painful Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Retrospective Comparative Study of a Negative Pressure-Guided Technique.Orthopaedic surgery · 2026Article
- Pulmonary embolism and cement leakage in cement-augmented spinal instrumentation: incidence, associated factors, and clinical impact.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Risk factors for intravertebral cleft in acute vertebral fractures and its relationship with bone cement leakage after vertebroplasty.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Biomechanical insights into anterolateral vertebral screw fixation in osteoporotic spines: a comparative study of fixation methods and positions using porcine vertebrae.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Symptomatic pulmonary cement embolism following PMMA vertebroplasty: Clinical presentation and management.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2025Article
- Pulmonary embolism and intracardiac foreign bodies caused by bone cement leakage: a case report and literature review.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2024Review
- Construction and clinical validation of risk model for predicting bone cement leakage after the surgical management of spinal metastases.American journal of cancer research · 2024Article
- Risk factors for pulmonary cement embolism after percutaneous vertebroplasty and radiofrequency ablation for spinal metastases.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Advances in materials used for minimally invasive treatment of vertebral compression fractures.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- [Cement augmentation in spinal surgery].Unfallchirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePulmonary cement embolism (PCE) is an underestimated but potentially fatal complication after cement augmentation. Although the treatment and follow-up of PCE have been reported in the literature, the risk factors for PCE are so far less investigated. This study aims to identify the preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for the development of PCE.
methodsA total of 1,373 patients treated with the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) augmentation technique were retrospectively included. Patients with PCE were divided into vertebral augmentation group and screw augmentation group. Possible risk factors were collected as follows: age, sex, bone mineral density, body mass index, diagnosis, comorbidity, surgical procedure, type of screw, augmented level, number of augmented vertebrae, fracture severity, presence of intravertebral cleft, cement volume, marked leakage in the paravertebral venous plexus, and periods of surgery. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to analyze independent risk factors for PCE.
resultsPCE was identified in 32 patients, with an incidence rate of 2.33% (32 of 1,373). For patients who had undergone vertebral augmentation, marked leakage in the paravertebral venous plexus (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-10.3; p=0.000) and previous surgery (OR, 16.1; 95% CI, 4.2-61.0; p=0.007) were independent risk factors for PCE. Regarding patients who had undergone screw augmentation, the marked leakage in the paravertebral venous plexus (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 0.5-37.3; p=0.004) was the main risk factor.
conclusionMarked leakage in the paravertebral venous plexus and previous surgery were significant risk factors related to PCE. Paravertebral leakage and operator experience should be concerned when performing PMMA augmentation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.