ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2022
Is genetic liability to ADHD and ASD causally linked to educational attainment?
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Academic achievement and socio-demographic differences in ADHD diagnosis: a population-based study of Swedish compulsory school pupils.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- ADHD and Student Grades in Children from the ABCD StudyBehavior genetics · 2026Article
- Individual Differences in the "Cognitive-Adaptive Gap" Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Latent Profile Analysis of the Moderating Role of Family Environment.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
- Does the family situation impact academic achievement differently in students with versus without neurodevelopmental disorders?The British journal of educational psychology · 2026Article
- Maternal migraine and offspring ADHD: triangulating the evidence.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Risk factors and a prediction model for ASD symptoms in Chinese preschool children.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Bayesian causal graphical model for joint Mendelian randomization analysis of multiple exposures and outcomes.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- Long-term effect of pharmacological treatment on academic achievement of Norwegian children diagnosed with ADHD: a target trial emulation.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Observational
- Paternal intelligence affects school grades in children with and without ADHD - a register-based study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Dissecting the polygenic contribution of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder on school performance by their relationship with educational attainment.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Parental education and children's depression, anxiety, and ADHD traits, a within-family study in MoBa.NPJ science of learning · 2024Article
- Rates of family history of autism and ADHD varies with recruitment approach and socio-economic status.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2024Article
- Disentangling heterogeneity in substance use disorder: Insights from genome-wide polygenic scores.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder in pediatric rehabilitation at a referral hospital in Peru.Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica · 2024Article
- [Advances in Mendelian randomization studies on autism spectrum disorder].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2024Review
- Evaluating the causal relationship between educational attainment and mental health.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Genetic influences on depression and selection into adverse life experiences.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Causal relationship between atrial fibrillation/warfarin and cutaneous melanoma: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Exploring the influences of education, intelligence and income on mental disorders.General psychiatry · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic status and severe mental disorders: a bidirectional multivariable Mendelian randomisation study.BMJ mental health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe association patterns of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with educational attainment (EA) are complex; children with ADHD and ASD are at risk of poor academic outcomes, and parental EA has been associated with risk of ADHD/ASD in the offspring. Little is known on the causal links between ADHD, ASD, EA and the potential contribution of cognitive ability.
methodsUsing the latest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data on ADHD, ASD and EA, we applied two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the effects of genetic liability to ADHD and ASD on EA. Reverse direction analyses were additionally performed. Multivariable MR was performed to estimate any effects independent of cognitive ability.
resultsGenetic liability to ADHD had a negative effect on EA, independently of cognitive ability (MVMRIVW: -1.7 months of education per doubling of genetic liability to ADHD; 95% CI: -2.8 to -0.7), whereas genetic liability to ASD a positive effect (MVMRIVW: 30 days per doubling of the genetic liability to ASD; 95% CI: 2 to 53). Reverse direction analyses suggested that genetic liability to higher EA had an effect on lower risk of ADHD, independently of cognitive ability (MVMRIVWOR: 0.33 per SD increase; 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.43) and increased risk of ASD (MRIVWOR: 1.51 per SD increase; 95% CI: 1.29 to 1.77), which was partly explained by cognitive ability (MVMRIVWOR per SD increase: 1.24; 95%CI: 0.96 to 1.60).
conclusionsGenetic liability to ADHD and ASD is likely to affect educational attainment, independently of underlying cognitive ability.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.