Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34999845›Full record

ArticleJournal of public health (Oxford, England)2023

Loneliness in young people: a multilevel exploration of social ecological influences and geographic variation.

J Marquez, C Goodfellow, D Hardoon, J Inchley, A H Leyland, P Qualter, S A Simpson, E Long

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of public health (Oxford, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Loneliness trajectories surrounding mobility loss: the role of disability duration.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026
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  17. Risk factors for loneliness: A literature review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023
    Review
  18. Neighbourhood effects on loneliness among adolescents.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2023
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

J MarquezMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G3 7HR UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6304-4444
C GoodfellowMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G3 7HR UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5990-8150
D HardoonWhat Works Centre for Wellbeing, London SW1H 9EA, UK.
J InchleyMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G3 7HR UK.
A H LeylandMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G3 7HR UK.
P QualterUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Education, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
S A SimpsonMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G3 7HR UK.
E LongMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G3 7HR UK.

Funding

Chief Scientist Office SPHSU16Chief Scientist Office SPHSU17Chief Scientist Office SPHSU18Medical Research Council MC_UU_00022/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_00022/2Medical Research Council MC_UU_00022/3Medical Research Council MR/S015078/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLoneliness is a growing public health concern, yet little is known about loneliness in young people. The current study aimed to identify social ecological factors related to loneliness and examine the extent to which geographic region may account for differences in loneliness.

methodsThe data come from a cross-sectional sample of 6503 young people living in the UK. Loneliness was measured using the UCLA 3-item scale. Bivariate analyses were used to test associations between each predictor and loneliness. Multilevel models were used to identify key social ecological factors related to loneliness, and the extent to which loneliness may vary across geographic regions (local authority districts).

resultsSociodemographic, social, health and well-being, and community factors were found to be associated with loneliness. Geographic region was associated with 5-8% of the variation in loneliness. The effect of gender, sexual orientation and minority ethnic background on loneliness differed across regions.

conclusionsThis is the first study to highlight modifiable social and community factors related to youth loneliness, and individual vulnerabilities, such as poor mental well-being. Results related to geographic differences suggest that local-level initiatives may be most appropriate in tackling loneliness, rather than wider, less contextualized national efforts.

Indexed as

LonelinessMental HealthAdolescentCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMalegeographicallonelinessmultilevel modellingsocial ecologicalyoung people

Identifiers

PMID34999845
PMCPMC10017088

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LicenceCC BY
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identifiers read2
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.