ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022
Sexual Dimorphism in Small-intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Lower Prevalence of Mesenteric Disease in Premenopausal Women.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mesenteric Fibrosis in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: a Systematic Review of New Thoughts on Causation and Potential Treatments.Current oncology reports · 2025Pooled it
- Gender, Sex and Other Factors in the Development of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Unravelling mesenteric fibrosis in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours and implications for clinical management.Endocrine-related cancer · 2026Review
- Development and validation of nomograms for distant metastasis and prognosis of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Analysis of clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors: a retrospective cohort study based on the SEER database.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Gender-based differences in survival outcomes of rectal neuroendocrine tumors: a population-based analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia Worldwide: A Review of the Literature (2012-2022).Neuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- Association Between Female Sex and Better Survival in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.The Journal of surgical research · 2024Article
- The impact of gender on survival outcomes in patients with small intestinal stromal tumors: a comprehensive analysis using the SEER database.Surgical endoscopy · 2024Article
- Gender-related differences in patients with carcinoid syndrome: new insights from an Italian multicenter cohort study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- Efficacy and tolerability of somatostatin analogues according to gender in patients with neuroendocrine tumors.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Article
- Analyses of sex-based clinicopathological differences among patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms in Europe.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in Survival from Neuroendocrine Neoplasia in England 2012-2018: A Retrospective, Population-Based Study.Cancers · 2023Article
- Peripheral glucocorticoid receptor antagonism by relacorilant with modest HPA axis disinhibition.The Journal of endocrinology · 2023Article
- Molecular factors, diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tract neuroendocrine tumors: An update.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Review
- Aberrant tryptophan metabolism in stromal cells is associated with mesenteric fibrosis in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors.Endocrine connections · 2022Article
- Ileal neuroendocrine tumors: clinicopathological features and associations with systemic inflammatory and nutritional markers.Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologieArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextSmall-intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) have a modest but significantly higher prevalence and worse prognosis in male patients.
objectiveThis work aims to increase understanding of this sexual dimorphism in SI-NETs. PATIENTS AND
methodsRetrospectively, SI-NET patients treated in a single tertiary center were included and analyzed for disease characteristics. Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2), progesterone receptor (PGR), and androgen receptor (AR) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was assessed in primary tumors and healthy intestine. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and AR protein expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in primary tumors and mesenteric metastases.
resultsOf the 559 patients, 47% were female. Mesenteric metastasis/fibrosis was more prevalent in men (71% / 46%) than women (58% / 37%; P = 0.001 and P = 0.027, respectively). In women, prevalence of mesenteric metastases increased gradually with age from 41.1% in women <50 years to 71.7% in women >70 years. Increased expression of ESR1 and AR mRNA was observed in primary tumors compared to healthy intestine (both P < 0.001). ERα staining was observed in tumor cells and stroma with a strong correlation between tumor cells of primary tumors and mesenteric metastases (rho = 0.831, P = 0.02), but not in stroma (rho = -0.037, P = 0.91). AR expression was only found in stroma.
conclusionSexual dimorphism in SI-NETs was most pronounced in mesenteric disease, and the risk of mesenteric metastasis in women increased around menopause. The combination of increased ERα and AR expression in the SI-NET microenvironment suggests a modulating role of sex steroids in the development of the characteristic SI-NET mesenteric metastasis and associated fibrosis.
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