Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34999330›Full record

ArticleClinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)2022

Red meat consumption, obesity, and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among women: Evidence from mediation analysis.

Mi Na Kim, Chun-Han Lo, Kathleen E Corey, Xiao Luo, Lu Long, Xuehong Zhang, Andrew T Chan, Tracey G Simon

Abstract readEvaluation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Guideline
  4. Trial
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mi Na KimClinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea.
Chun-Han LoClinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Kathleen E CoreyDivision of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Xiao LuoDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
Lu LongChanning Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
Xuehong ZhangDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Andrew T ChanClinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: achan@mgh.harvard.edu.
Tracey G SimonClinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: tgsimon@mgh.harvard.edu.

Funding

Pilot & Feasibility ProgramP30DK043351 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Mark Joseph Daly · 1991 to 2026
$35.3M
Long Term Multidisciplinary Study of Cancer in Women: The Nurses Health StudyUM1CA186107 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI ELIASSEN, A. HEATHER, STAMPFER, MEIR · 2014 to 2023
$22.3M
Aspirin and Novel Lipid Mediators in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseK23DK122104 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI SIMON, TRACEY · 2019 to 2023
$1.1M
Mentored Patient-Oriented Research in Digestive DiseasesK24DK098311 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI CHAN, ANDREW T · 2013 to 2017
$930k
NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA186107NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK122104NIDDK NIH HHS K24 DK098311NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK043351
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious studies have suggested consumption of red meat may be associated with an increased risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, large-scale, prospective data regarding red meat consumption in relation to the incidence of NAFLD are lacking, nor is it known whether any association is mediated by obesity.

objectiveWe aimed to evaluate the relationship between red meat consumption and the subsequent risk of developing NAFLD.

designThis prospective cohort study included 77,795 women in the Nurses' Health Study II cohort without NAFLD at baseline (in 1995), who provided detailed, validated information regarding diet, including consumption of red meat, every 4 years, followed through 2015. Lifestyle factors, clinical comorbidities and body mass index (BMI), were updated biennially. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

resultsOver 1,444,637 person years of follow-up, we documented 3130 cases of incident NAFLD. Compared to women who consumed ≤1 serving/week of red meat, the multivariable-adjusted HRs of incident NAFLD were 1.20 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.50) for 2-4 servings/week; 1.31 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.61) for 5-6 servings/week; 1.41 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.75) for 1 serving/day; and 1.52 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.89) for ≥2 servings/day. However, after further adjustment for BMI, all associations for red meat, including unprocessed and processed red meat, were attenuated and not statistically significant (all P-trend>0.05). BMI was estimated to mediate 66.1% (95% CI: 41.8%, 84.2%; P < 0.0001) of the association between red meat consumption and NAFLD risk.

conclusionsRed meat consumption, including both unprocessed and processed red meat, was associated with significantly increased risk of developing NAFLD. This association was mediated largely by obesity.

Indexed as

AdultBody Mass IndexDietDiet SurveysFeeding BehaviorFemaleHumansIncidenceLife StyleMediation AnalysisMiddle AgedNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseObesityProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRed MeatEpidemiologyNAFLDObesityRed meatWomen

Identifiers

PMID34999330
PMCPMC8815093

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.