ArticleChemosphere2022
Contribution of household drinking water intake to arsenic and lead exposure among Uruguayan schoolchildren.
Article in Chemosphere, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Diet quality and blood lead levels in Uruguayan first graders.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Secular trends in blood lead concentrations of school-age children in Montevideo, Uruguay from 2009 to 2019.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Article
- Dietary Exposure to Toxic Elements and the Health of Young Children: Methodological Considerations and Data Needs.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFood and water are common exposure sources of arsenic and lead among children. Whereas dietary sources of these toxicants are fairly well-studied, the contribution of drinking water to toxicant exposures is not well characterized in many populations, particularly in the Global South.
objectiveTo assess the extent to which consumption of household drinking water contributes to arsenic and lead exposure among Uruguayan schoolchildren with low-level exposure.
methodsChildren, aged 5-8 years, were enrolled into the Salud Ambiental Montevideo study during 2009-2013 from schools in Montevideo, Uruguay. Participants reported water intake as part of two 24-h dietary recalls. Concentrations of arsenic were measured in first morning void urine samples, and adjusted for urinary specific gravity. Lead concentrations were measured in venous blood samples. Drinking water samples were collected from participants' homes and toxicant concentrations measured. Data analyses involved a triangulation approach. First, multivariable linear regressions estimated the associations between toxicant exposure through drinking water, calculated for each child as the product of water intake and water toxicant concentration, and the respective toxicant biomarker concentrations among children with complete data on all variables (Sample A; n = 40). Second, regressions were repeated for participants with complete data on all variables except water intakes (Sample B; n = 195), after water intakes were imputed. Finally, models were constructed for participants of Sample B (n = 195) based on drinking water intakes assumed to be fixed at 25th, 50th, 75th percentile intakes of participants in sample A.
resultsToxicant exposure via drinking water intake was low. The triangulation approach revealed no associations between toxicant exposure through household water intake and the respective toxicant biomarker concentrations.
conclusionStudies with larger samples and repeated measures are needed to confirm these findings. Nevertheless, it appears that at low water toxicant concentrations, typical water consumption is not a major contributor to children's exposure.
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Registered trials
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