ReviewMedical physics2022
Ultra-high dose rate electron beams and the FLASH effect: From preclinical evidence to a new radiotherapy paradigm.
Review in Medical physics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Electron FLASH radiotherapy in vivo studies. A systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Examining the Occurrence of the FLASH Effect in Animal Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Ultra-High Dose Rate Proton or Carbon Ion Irradiation.Technology in cancer research & treatmentPooled it
- Noninvasive Reversible Software-Based Electron FLASH Irradiation Configuration of a Linear Accelerator in Clinical Use.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a Faraday cup-style detector as a beam diagnostic system for ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) electron beams.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2026Article
- FLASH radiotherapy: physico-chemical considerations on ionisation tracks, radical reactions, and the role of oxygen.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2026Review
- Harnessing the sparing effect of FLASH-RT: From phenomenon observation, radiophysical determinants to molecular mechanisms and synergistic strategies.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Towards FLASH Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer: A Review on Preclinical Evidence and Technical Feasibility.Cancers · 2026Review
- FLASH radiotherapy preserves hepatic function and maintains metabolic homeostasis in a murine breast cancer model: an experimental preclinical study.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a novel pulse optimization and beam control system for conventional and ultra high dose-per-pulse (FLASH) irradiation.Medical physics · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Small dose monitor based on silicon-carbide diodes for FLASH radiotherapy.Medical physics · 2026Article
- Multileaf Faraday cup for beam energy verification in radiation therapy with ultra-high dose-rate electron beams and ion beams.Medical physics · 2026Article
- Article
- Combining advanced radiotherapy techniques and immunotherapy: immunomodulatory mechanisms and clinical prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The potential and risks of FLASH radiotherapy in pediatric patients.Neuro-oncology pediatrics · 2026Review
- Pulse-by-pulse ultra-high resolution scintillation imaging of proton FLASH beams produced by a gantry-mounted synchrocyclotron.Physics in medicine and biology · 2025Article
- Commissioning of a gantry-mounted synchrocyclotron for preclinical FLASH studies utilizing spread-out Bragg peaks.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2025Article
- Partial abdominal carbon-ion FLASH irradiation spares lethality compared to conventional irradiation: impact of LET and dose rate.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- FLASH Radiotherapy Enhances the Therapeutic Ratio in an Embryonic In Vivo Model of Pancreatic Carcinoma.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In their seminal paper from 2014, Fauvadon et al. coined the term FLASH irradiation to describe ultra-high-dose rate irradiation with dose rates greater than 40 Gy/s, which results in delivery times of fractions of a second. The experiments presented in that paper were performed with a high-dose-per-pulse 4.5 MeV electron beam, and the results served as the basis for the modern-day field of FLASH radiation therapy (RT). In this article, we review the studies that have been published after those early experiments, demonstrating the robust effects of FLASH RT on normal tissue sparing in preclinical models. We also outline the various irradiation parameters that have been used. Although the robustness of the biological response has been established, the mechanisms behind the FLASH effect are currently under investigation in a number of laboratories. However, differences in the magnitude of the FLASH effect between experiments in different labs have been reported. Reasons for these differences even within the same animal model are currently unknown, but likely has to do with the marked differences in irradiation parameter settings used. Here, we show that these parameters are often not reported, which complicates large multistudy comparisons. For this reason, we propose a new standard for beam parameter reporting and discuss a systematic path to the clinical translation of FLASH RT.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.