ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2022
The role of non-pharmaceutical interventions on influenza circulation during the COVID-19 pandemic in nine tropical Asian countries.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparisons in the Health and Economic Assessments of Using Quadrivalent Versus Trivalent Influenza Vaccines: A Systematic Literature Review.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza epidemiology: A retrospective analysis in Hebei Province, China from 2019 to 2023.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Shifting seasonal patterns of influenza before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China: A population-based surveillance study, 2015-2023.Biosafety and health · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of a comprehensive nursing prevention and control system for respiratory infections in fever clinics in the era of co-existence of multiple pathogens.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Forecasting Influenza Epidemics and Pandemics in the Age of AI and Machine Learning.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Post-COVID-19 resurgence of respiratory viruses in Taiwan: an interrupted time series analysis from three regional medical centers (2015-2023).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- ChatGPT-Assisted Deep Learning Models for Influenza-Like Illness Prediction in Mainland China: Time Series Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory tract infections during and after the pandemic of COVID-19 from 2021 - 2023 in Shenzhen, southern China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Integrating dynamical modeling and phylogeographic inference to characterize global influenza circulation.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Understanding influenza-like illness dynamics in Jiangsu, China: impacts of COVID-19 control measures and meteorological factors on the population health during 2018-2023.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Quantitative assessment of Public Health and Social Measures implementation and relaxation on influenza transmission during COVID-19 in China: SEIABR and GBDT models.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Coxsackievirus A6 U.K. Genetic and Clinical Epidemiology Pre- and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Emergence.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The role of asymptomatic infections in influenza transmission: what do we really know.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Integrating dynamical modeling and phylogeographic inference to characterize global influenza circulation.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Trends in inequalities in avoidable hospitalisations across the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study of 23.5 million people in England.BMJ open · 2024Observational
- Quantified impacts of non-pharmaceutical interventions on influenza circulation during the COVID-19 pandemic in 13 African countries, 2020-2022.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Factors affecting the number of influenza patients before and during COVID-19 pandemic, Thailand.PloS one · 2024Article
- Analysis of the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on influenza during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic by time-series forecasting.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 on future influenza trends in Mainland China.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Individual and Contextual Determinants of Flu Vaccination Adherence: A University Nudge Intervention.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundLow global influenza circulation was reported during the coronavirus-19 pandemic. We explored relationships between non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and influenza in tropical Asian countries.
methodsUsing World Health Organization (WHO) surveillance data from 2015 to 2019 and the WHO shiny app, we constructed expected seasonal influenza epidemic curves from March 2020 to June 2021 and compared the timing, and average percent positivity with observed data. We used multivariate regression to test associations between ordinal NPI data (from the Oxford Stringency Index) 4 weeks before the expected 2020/21 epidemics and present adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) or relative proportion ratio (RPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsData from nine countries predicted 18 seasonal epidemics; seven were observed. Five started 6-24 weeks later, and all were 4-21 weeks shorter than expected. Five epidemics had lower maximum peak values (percent positivity), and all but one had lower average percent positivity than expected. All countries implemented NPIs. Each increased level of school closure reduced risk of an epidemic by 43% (IRR = 0.57, CI: 0.34, 0.95). Each increased level of canceling public events reduced the average percent positivity across the season by 44% (RPR = 0.56, CI: 0.39, 0.82) and each increased level in restricting internal movements reduced it by 41% (RPR = 0.59, CI: 0.36, 0.96). Other NPIs were not associated with changes.
conclusionsAmong nine countries, the 2020/21 seasonal epidemics were delayed, shorter, and less intense than expected. Although layered NPIs were difficult to tease apart, school closings, canceling public events, and restricting internal movements before influenza circulation seemed to reduce transmission.
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