ArticleJournal of medical virology2022
Induction of humoral and cellular immune responses to COVID-19 mRNA and vector vaccines: A prospective cohort study in Bulgarian healthcare workers.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- COVID-19 Incidence Proportion as a Function of Regional Testing Strategy, Vaccination Coverage, and Vaccine Type.Viruses · 2023Article
- Virus-Specific Stem Cell Memory CD8+ T Cells May Indicate a Long-Term Protection against Evolving SARS-CoV-2.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Durability of humoral and cell-mediated immune response after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine administration.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Article
- Students' Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccination: An Inter-University Study from Bulgaria.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Induction of humoral and cellular immune responses to COVID-19 mRNA and vector vaccines: A prospective cohort study in Bulgarian healthcare workers.Journal of medical virology · 2022Article
- Depending on Epitope Profile of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Recipients: Are They More Efficient Against the Arising Viral Variants? An Opinion Article.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Installing efficient protective immunity by anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is the only current means to overcome coronavirus disease 2019 pandemics. The cellular and humoral immune responses induced with an messenger RNA (mRNA) (BNT162b2) or with a vector (ChAdOx1nCoV-19) vaccine among Bulgarian healthcare workers (n = 123, aged 23-71 years) were studied in the course of 16 weeks after priming. Receptor-binding domain (RBD)-blocking Abs and SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunoglobulin A (IgA) were evaluated in parallel with interferon gamma (IFNγ)-producing virus-specific T cells. Both vaccines induced RBD-blocking Abs in 100% of the participants after complete immunization while the levels of protection after a single dose largely varied (22%-98%). Advanced age had a negative impact on the level and longevity of virus-neutralizing activity induced by one dose mRNA, but not by the vector vaccine. RBD-binding IgA was detected in 100% of tested donors from the mRNA vaccine cohort, and in 67% of tested from the vector vaccine cohort, at least 1 month after completed immunization. One month after completing mRNA immunization, the number of IFNγ-producing T cells correlated significantly with the levels of RBD-specific IgA and virus-neutralizing activity induced after priming. Enumeration of circulating virus-specific IFNγ+ T cells is not recommended for evaluation of protective immunity as their detection may require longer stimulation beyond the firstmonth postimmunization. In conclusion, BNT162B2 and ChAdOx1nCoV-19 induced potent and comparable humoral and cellular anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses, peaking between 10 and 30 days after complete immunization. A single dose of any vaccine did not induce adequate protection in a great part of donors, making the shorter interval between mRNA vaccine doses preferable in the settings of increased risk of infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.