Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34997022›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2022

Automated food intake tracking requires depth-refined semantic segmentation to rectify visual-volume discordance in long-term care homes.

Kaylen J Pfisterer, Robert Amelard, Audrey G Chung, Braeden Syrnyk, Alexander MacLean, Heather H Keller, Alexander Wong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Observational
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Image-Based Volume Estimation for Food in a Bowl.Journal of food engineering · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Multimedia Data-Based Mobile Applications for Dietary Assessment.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kaylen J Pfisterer *University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Systems Design Engineering, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada. kpfisterer@uwaterloo.ca.
Robert Amelard *KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada.
Audrey G ChungUniversity of Waterloo, Waterloo, Systems Design Engineering, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Braeden SyrnykUniversity of Waterloo, Waterloo, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Alexander MacLeanUniversity of Waterloo, Waterloo, Systems Design Engineering, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Heather H KellerSchlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, N2J 0E2, Canada.
Alexander WongUniversity of Waterloo, Waterloo, Systems Design Engineering, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Malnutrition is a multidomain problem affecting 54% of older adults in long-term care (LTC). Monitoring nutritional intake in LTC is laborious and subjective, limiting clinical inference capabilities. Recent advances in automatic image-based food estimation have not yet been evaluated in LTC settings. Here, we describe a fully automatic imaging system for quantifying food intake. We propose a novel deep convolutional encoder-decoder food network with depth-refinement (EDFN-D) using an RGB-D camera for quantifying a plate's remaining food volume relative to reference portions in whole and modified texture foods. We trained and validated the network on the pre-labelled UNIMIB2016 food dataset and tested on our two novel LTC-inspired plate datasets (689 plate images, 36 unique foods). EDFN-D performed comparably to depth-refined graph cut on IOU (0.879 vs. 0.887), with intake errors well below typical 50% (mean percent intake error: [Formula: see text]%). We identify how standard segmentation metrics are insufficient due to visual-volume discordance, and include volume disparity analysis to facilitate system trust. This system provides improved transparency, approximates human assessors with enhanced objectivity, accuracy, and precision while avoiding hefty semi-automatic method time requirements. This may help address short-comings currently limiting utility of automated early malnutrition detection in resource-constrained LTC and hospital settings.

Indexed as

Deep LearningEatingImage Processing, Computer-AssistedLong-Term CareMealsNursing HomesPhotographyAutomationDietEarly DiagnosisHumansMalnutritionNutritional StatusNutritive ValuePredictive Value of TestsReproducibility of Results

Identifiers

PMID34997022
PMCPMC8742067

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.