Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34997021›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2022

Multiple bacterial partners in symbiosis with the nudibranch mollusk Rostanga alisae.

Natalia V Zhukova, Marina G Eliseikina, Evgeniy S Balakirev, Francisco J Ayala

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. A transcription factor regulates development of a bacteria-housing eukaryotic cell through DNA damage mitigation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
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  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Active Microbiota ofMicroorganisms · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Natalia V ZhukovaNational Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation. nzhukova35@list.ru.
Marina G EliseikinaNational Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation.
Evgeniy S BalakirevNational Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation.
Francisco J AyalaCátedra Francisco José Ayala of Science, Technology, and Religion, University of Comillas, Madrid, Spain.
A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences · RU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The discovery of symbiotic associations extends our understanding of the biological diversity in the aquatic environment and their impact on the host's ecology. Of particular interest are nudibranchs that unprotected by a shell and feed mainly on sponges. The symbiotic association of the nudibranch Rostanga alisae with bacteria was supported by ample evidence, including an analysis of cloned bacterial 16S rRNA genes and a fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis, and microscopic observations. A total of 74 clones belonging to the phyla α-, β-, γ-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria were identified. FISH confirmed that bacteriocytes were packed with Bradyrhizobium, Maritalea, Labrenzia, Bulkholderia, Achromobacter, and Stenotrophomonas mainly in the foot and notum epidermis, and also an abundance of Synechococcus cyanobacteria in the intestinal epithelium. An ultrastructural analysis showed several bacterial morphotypes of bacteria in epidermal cells, intestine epithelium, and in mucus layer covering the mollusk body. The high proportion of typical bacterial fatty acids in R. alisae indicated that symbiotic bacteria make a substantial contribution to its nutrition. Thus, the nudibranch harbors a high diversity of specific endo- and extracellular bacteria, which previously unknown as symbionts of marine invertebrates that provide the mollusk with essential nutrients. They can provide chemical defense against predators.

Indexed as

Energy MetabolismAnimalsBacteriaFatty AcidsIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceMicrobiotaMolluscaPhylogenyRibotypingSymbiosisFatty Acids

Identifiers

PMID34997021
PMCPMC8742107
OpenAlexW4206350096

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.