Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34996869›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022

Imaging active site chemistry and protonation states: NMR crystallography of the tryptophan synthase α-aminoacrylate intermediate.

Jacob B Holmes, Viktoriia Liu, Bethany G Caulkins, Eduardo Hilario, Rittik K Ghosh, Victoria N Drago, Robert P Young, Jennifer A Romero, Adam D Gill, Paul M Bogie and 15 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. NMR crystallography reveals active-site protonation states of Toho-1 β-lactamase in complex with avibactam.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Rapid Assignment of Chemical Shifts From Crystal Structures in Solid-State NMR.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Article
  4. Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate-Dependent Enzymatic Decarboxylative Annulation.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. MAS Cryoprobe Enhances Solid-State NMR Signals of α-Synuclein Fibrils.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Resolution in cryogenic solid state NMR: Challenges and solutions.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024
    Review
  16. The journal of physical chemistry. A · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Engineered Biocatalytic Synthesis of β-N-Substituted-α-Amino Acids.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Jacob B HolmesDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.
Viktoriia LiuDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.
Bethany G CaulkinsDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.
Eduardo HilarioDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.
Rittik K GhoshDepartment of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.
Victoria N DragoDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606.ORCID 0000-0002-8828-2529
Robert P YoungEnvironmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354.ORCID 0000-0002-2686-9594
Jennifer A RomeroDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.ORCID 0000-0003-0027-0257
Adam D GillDepartment of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.
Paul M BogieDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.
Joana PaulinoNational High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310.
Xiaoling WangNational High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310.ORCID 0000-0002-8718-0408
Gwladys RiviereDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610.ORCID 0000-0002-4488-2813
Yuliana K BoskenDepartment of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.ORCID 0000-0002-4805-3035
Jochem StruppeBruker Biospin Corporation, Billerica, MA 01821.ORCID 0000-0001-9001-5991
Alia HassanBruker Switzerland AG 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland.
Jevgeni GuidoulianovBruker Switzerland AG 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland.
Barbara PerroneBruker Switzerland AG 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland.
Frederic Mentink-VigierNational High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310.ORCID 0000-0002-3570-9787
Chia-En A ChangDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.ORCID 0000-0002-6504-8529
Joanna R LongDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610.
Richard J HooleyDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.
Timothy C MueserDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606.ORCID 0000-0001-5042-2488
Michael F DunnDepartment of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521; leonard.mueller@ucr.edu michael.dunn@ucr.edu.
Leonard J MuellerDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521; leonard.mueller@ucr.edu michael.dunn@ucr.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-2607-9875

Funding

TR&D3-SCHP41GM122698 · NIGMS · FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI BREY, WILLIAM W, CROSS, TIMOTHY A · 2017 to 2021
$6.7M
Chemically-Rich Structure and Dynamics in the Active Site of Tryptophan SynthaseR01GM097569 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE · PI MUELLER, LEONARD J · 2011 to 2020
$2.9M
Structural and proton dynamics of pyridoxal-5’-phosphate dependent enzymes Resubmission (Equipment Supplement)R01GM137008 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · PI KOVALEVSKYI, ANDRII Y, MUELLER, LEONARD J · 2020 to 2023
$2.8M
14.1 T magnet with +/-1280 G Field Regulation and Integrated MAS Cryogenic SystemS10OD018519 · OD · FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI CROSS, TIMOTHY A · 2014 to 2014
$1.4M
Acquisition of a Scalable Storage Cluster for Data Intensive NIH ResearchS10OD016290 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE · PI GIRKE, THOMAS · 2014 to 2014
$593k
NIGMS NIH HHS P41 GM122698NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM097569NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM137008NIH HHS S10 OD016290NIH HHS S10 OD018519
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

NMR-assisted crystallography-the integrated application of solid-state NMR, X-ray crystallography, and first-principles computational chemistry-holds significant promise for mechanistic enzymology: by providing atomic-resolution characterization of stable intermediates in enzyme active sites, including hydrogen atom locations and tautomeric equilibria, NMR crystallography offers insight into both structure and chemical dynamics. Here, this integrated approach is used to characterize the tryptophan synthase α-aminoacrylate intermediate, a defining species for pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes that catalyze β-elimination and replacement reactions. For this intermediate, NMR-assisted crystallography is able to identify the protonation states of the ionizable sites on the cofactor, substrate, and catalytic side chains as well as the location and orientation of crystallographic waters within the active site. Most notable is the water molecule immediately adjacent to the substrate β-carbon, which serves as a hydrogen bond donor to the ε-amino group of the acid-base catalytic residue βLys87. From this analysis, a detailed three-dimensional picture of structure and reactivity emerges, highlighting the fate of the L-serine hydroxyl leaving group and the reaction pathway back to the preceding transition state. Reaction of the α-aminoacrylate intermediate with benzimidazole, an isostere of the natural substrate indole, shows benzimidazole bound in the active site and poised for, but unable to initiate, the subsequent bond formation step. When modeled into the benzimidazole position, indole is positioned with C3 in contact with the α-aminoacrylate C

Indexed as

Catalytic DomainAlanineCatalysisCrystallography, X-RayIndolesMagnetic Resonance ImagingMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyNuclear Magnetic Resonance, BiomolecularPyridoxal PhosphateTryptophan SynthaseAlaninedehydroalanineindoleIndolesPyridoxal PhosphateTryptophan Synthaseintegrated structural biologyNMR-assisted crystallographypyridoxal-5′-phosphatesolid-state NMRtryptophan synthase

Identifiers

PMID34996869
PMCPMC8764694

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.