ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2022
Network Mendelian randomization study: exploring the causal pathway from insomnia to type 2 diabetes.
Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Establishing causal relationships between sleep and adiposity traits using Mendelian randomization.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Mendel randomization confirmed gastroesophageal reflux disease may increase the risk of mental disorders.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2026Article
- Combination of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness as a psychobehavioral characteristic of comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- From yawn to dawn: the effects of a sleep extension intervention on objective and subjective dimensions of sleep health in adults with habitual short sleep duration.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- Obstructive sleep apnea mediates genetic risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Hispanic and Latino communities.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Mendelian randomization studies on the causal relationship between insomnia and disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Sleep extension and cardiometabolic health: what it is, possible mechanisms and real-world applications.The Journal of physiology · 2024Review
- Navigating Mendelian Randomization in Sleep Medicine: Challenges, Opportunities, and Best Practices.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Article
- The Function of Sleep and the Treatment of Primary Insomnia.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2023Review
- Article
- Unraveling the associations and causalities between glucose metabolism and multiple sleep traits.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionInsomnia is a novel pathogen for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, mechanisms linking insomnia and T2DM are poorly understood. In this study, we apply a network Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to determine the causal association between insomnia and T2DM and identify the potential mediators, including overweight (body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage) and glycometabolism (HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and fasting blood insulin). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe use the MR framework to detect effect estimates of the insomnia-T2DM, insomnia-mediator, and mediator-T2DM associations. A mediator between insomnia and T2DM is established if MR studies in all 3 steps prove causal associations.
resultsIn the Inverse variance weighted method, the results show that insomnia will increase the T2DM risk (OR 1.142; 95% CI 1.072 to 1.216; p=0.000), without heterogeneity nor horizontal pleiotropy, strongly suggesting that genetically predicted insomnia has a causal association with T2DM. Besides, our MR analysis provides strong evidence that insomnia is causally associated with BMI and body fat percentage. There is also suggestive evidence of an association between insomnia and the waist-to-hip ratio. At the same time, our results indicate that insomnia is not causally associated with glycometabolism. Higher BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage levels are strongly associated with increased risk of T2DM.
conclusionsGenetically predicted insomnia has a causal association with T2DM. Being overweight (especially BMI and body fat percentage) mediates the causal pathway from insomnia to T2DM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.