ArticleBreast (Edinburgh, Scotland)2022
Immune checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of early stage triple negative breast cancer: 2021 update.
Article in Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor Immune Response as a Biomarker for Metastasis-Free Survival of Breast Cancer and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal-like immune-altered is the fourth robust triple-negative breast cancer molecular subtype.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Paclitaxel-Based PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2024Article
- Comparative efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- Article
- ADAM12 abrogation alters immune cell infiltration and improves response to checkpoint blockade therapy in the T11 murine model of triple-negative breast cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2023Article
- Comprehensive Analysis of Transcriptomics and Genetic Alterations Identifies Potential Mechanisms Underlying Anthracycline Therapy Resistance in Breast Cancer.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Breast Cancer Disparities in Asian Women: The Need for Disaggregated Research.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Current State of Knowledge on the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Approaches, Efficacy, and Challenges.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is an emerging body of evidence regarding the use of immunotherapy in early-stage triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), with the recent publication of several phase III and randomised phase II studies examining the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in the neoadjuvant setting in combination with chemotherapy. Evidence to date suggests that the addition of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors results in slight increases in the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) seen at the time of surgery, and improved event free survival (EFS) has now been reported. However, a number of questions remain such as the optimal chemotherapy backbone; whether traditional third generation chemotherapy regimens can safely be de-escalated in the presence of an ICI; and the most appropriate sequencing of treatment in order to best harness a durable immune response and if continuation of post operative ICI is needed if one achieves a pCR. A predictive biomarker is also yet to be established, given that PD-L1 protein expression does not seem discriminatory. Given that long-term clinical outcome improvements seen thus far in early stage trials do not seem to be mediated through small changes in pathological complete response rates, new approaches in early stage trial design are now needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.