Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34996470›Full record

ArticleAIDS research and therapy2022

Routine HIV clinic visit adherence in the African Cohort Study.

Nicole Dear, Allahna Esber, Michael Iroezindu, Emmanuel Bahemana, Hannah Kibuuka, Jonah Maswai, John Owuoth, Christina S Polyak, Julie A Ake, Trevor A Crowell and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AIDS research and therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Barriers to Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Children in Ekurhuleni, South Africa: A Descriptive Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Nicole DearU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA. ndear@hivresearch.org.ORCID 0000-0002-8026-9901
Allahna EsberU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Michael IroezinduU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Emmanuel BahemanaU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Hannah KibuukaMakerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda.
Jonah MaswaiU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
John OwuothU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Christina S PolyakU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Julie A Ake *U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Trevor A Crowell *U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
AFRICOS Study Group
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research · USHenry M. Jackson Foundation · USMakerere University Walter Reed Project · UGUnited States Army Medical Research Directorate - Africa · KE

Funding

PEPFAR W81XWH-11-2-0174PEPFAR W81XWH-18-2-0040
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRetention in clinical care is important for people living with HIV (PLWH). Evidence suggests that missed clinic visits are associated with interruptions in antiretroviral therapy (ART), lower CD4 counts, virologic failure, and overlooked coinfections. We identified factors associated with missed routine clinic visits in the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS).

methodsIn 2013, AFRICOS began enrolling people with and without HIV in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Nigeria. At enrollment and every 6 months thereafter, sociodemographic questionnaires are administered and clinical outcomes assessed. Missed clinic visits were measured as the self-reported number of clinic visits missed in the past 6 months and dichotomized into none or one or more visits missed. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between risk factors and missed visits.

resultsBetween January 2013 and March 2020, 2937 PLWH were enrolled, of whom 2807 (95.6%) had initiated ART and 2771 had complete data available for analyses. Compared to PLWH 50+, missed clinic visits were more common among those 18-29 years (aOR 2.33, 95% CI 1.65-3.29), 30-39 years (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.19-2.13), and 40-49 years (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.07-1.89). As compared to PLWH on ART for < 2 years, those on ART for 4+ years were less likely to have missed clinic visits (aOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.95). Missed clinic visits were associated with alcohol use (aOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.05-1.70), a history of incarceration (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.07-1.88), depression (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.13-1.91), and viral non-suppression (aOR 2.50, 95% CI 2.00-3.12). As compared to PLWH who did not miss any ART in the past month, missed clinic visits were more common among those who missed 1-2 days (aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.65-2.64) and 3+ days of ART (aOR 7.06, 95% CI 5.43-9.19).

conclusionsInconsistent clinic attendance is associated with worsened HIV-related outcomes. Strategies to improve visit adherence are especially needed for young PLWH and those with depression.

Indexed as

CoinfectionHIV InfectionsAmbulatory CareCD4 Lymphocyte CountCohort StudiesHumansCare retentionClinic visitsEast AfricaHIVPatient engagementWest Africa

Identifiers

PMID34996470
PMCPMC8742415
OpenAlexW4205402487

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.