ArticleBMC women's health2022
Mental health of clinic-attending Syrian refugee women in Jordan: associations between social ecological risks factors and mental health symptoms.
Article in BMC women's health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consistency as the Currency in Psychological Measures: A Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10 and K-6).Depression and anxiety · 2024Pooled it
- Mental health disparities by sex: unravelling determinants and changes in the refugee resettlement process over a decade.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2026Article
- Factors associated with externalized anger among early adolescents in rural Appalachia: A conceptual proposition with implications for violence prevention.Archives of psychiatric nursing · 2026Article
- Suicidal behaviors among refugee women in Jordan: post-traumatic stress disorder, social support and post-displacement stressors.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Self-compassion and association with distress, depression, and anxiety among displaced Syrians: A population-based study.PloS one · 2024Article
- A conceptual framework on pre- and post-displacement stressors: the case of Syrian refugees.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Postpartum Anxiety Disorder and Depression in Syrian Migrant Women Living in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Understanding Mental Health Status of Syrian Refugee and Jordanian Women: Novel Insights from a Comparative Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Exploring the Impact of a Family-Focused, Gender-Transformative Intervention on Adolescent Girls' Well-Being in a Humanitarian Context.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Risk factors for miscarriage in Syrian refugee women living in non-camp settings in Jordan: results from the Women ASPIRE cross-sectional study.Conflict and health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe mental health of refugee women is often affected by multiple risk factors in their social ecology. Assessing these risk factors is foundational in determining potential areas for intervention. We used the social ecological model to examine risk factors associated with self-reported mental health symptoms among clinic-attending Syrian refugee women in Jordan. We hypothesize that individual (older age, unmarried, have more children under 18, difficulty reading/writing with ease), interpersonal (intimate partner violence [IPV]), community and societal level risk factors (greater number of postmigration stressors), will be associated with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.
methodsWe surveyed 507 women using a cross-sectional clinic-based systematic sampling approach between April and November 2018. We used multivariable regressions to examine associations between different risk factors in the social ecology on depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Additional multivariable regressions explored associations between specific postmigration stressors and mental health conditions.
resultsWe found rates of depression among our sample to be 62.92%; anxiety 57.46%; and PTSD 66.21%. Our hypothesis was partially supported. At the individual level, age was directly associated with anxiety (aOR 1.04, 95% CI [1.02, 1.06]) and PTSD (aOR 1.03, 95% CI [1.01, 1.06]), while marriage decreased odds for depression (aOR 0.41, 95% CI [0.19, 0.92]) and PTSD (aOR 0.36, 95% CI [0.15, 0.87]). IPV was associated with depression (aOR 2.78, 95% CI [1.72, 4.47]); anxiety (aOR 3.30, 95% CI [2.06, 5.27]); and PTSD (aOR 5.49, 95% CI [3.09, 9.76]). Each additional community and societal risk factor (postmigration stressor) increased the odds for depression (aOR 1.32, 95% CI [1.22, 1.42]), anxiety (aOR 1.28, 95% CI [1.19, 1.39]), and PTSD (aOR 1.46, 95% CI [1.33, 1.60]).
conclusionUnderstanding social ecological risk factors associated with mental health conditions of Syrian refugee women is vital to addressing their mental health needs. IPV and postmigration stressors are consistently impactful with all mental health conditions. IPV resulted in the largest odds increase for all mental health conditions. Multilevel interventions are needed to address mental health risk factors at multiple levels of the social ecology.
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