ArticleBMC public health2022
Association between housing and health of refugees and asylum seekers in Germany: explorative cluster and mixed model analysis.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Housing inequalities and health outcomes among migrant and refugee populations in high-income countries: a mixed-methods systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Psychosocial Attributes of Housing and Their Relationship With Health Among Refugee and Asylum-Seeking Populations in High-Income Countries: Systematic Review.Public health reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Towards the development of actionable recommendations for improving mental healthcare access for migrants: a qualitative study in Munich, Germany.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Housing Insecurity and Health Outcomes Among Migrants from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Review
- Mental health of Ukrainian refugees in Germany compared to other population groups - Results from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey 2023.Journal of health monitoring · 2026Article
- Successful Refugee Cohabitation With Host Families: A Concept Analysis and Model Development.Journal of holistic nursing : official journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association · 2025Review
- Beyond shelter: a scoping review of evidence on housing in resettlement countries and refugee mental health and wellbeing.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Housing during the asylum process and its association with healthcare utilization for common mental disorders among refugees in Sweden: A nationwide cohort study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- "They just left me": people seeking asylum, mental and physical health, and structural violence in the UK's institutional accommodation.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Pre- and post-migration determinants of self-rated health among Ukrainian refugees in Germany: A cross-sectional comparative analysis with recently arrived refugees from other countries of origin.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Housing and health for people from refugee and asylum-seeking backgrounds: findings from an Australian qualitative longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Effect of area-level socioeconomic deprivation on mental and physical health: A longitudinal natural experiment among refugees in Germany.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- [Othering in the context of migration: how Others emerge from social categories].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2023Review
- Exploring contextual effects of post-migration housing environment on mental health of asylum seekers and refugees: A cross-sectional, population-based, multi-level analysis in a German federal state.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Type of Refugee Accommodation and Health of Residents: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Cluster Analysis in South-West Germany.International journal of public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAccommodation for asylum seekers and refugees (ASR) in Germany differs in many ways depending on a range of political, structural, social, and environmental factors. These contextual differences present a challenge for assessing health impacts of refugee accommodation. We aimed to devise a broad typology of refugee accommodation that allows to assess associations between housing and health of ASR.
methodsWe performed a cluster analysis of population-based, cross-sectional secondary data in Germany to identify clusters of refugee accommodation. We then assessed health disparities across clusters by performing bivariate analysis and linear mixed model regression analysis.
resultsWe identified four clusters, three of them reflected different types of private accommodation and one pointed to collective accommodation. The collective accommodation cluster clearly differed from the private accommodation clusters in terms of space, area, level of restrictions, social connections and respondent satisfaction. Across private accommodation clusters we also found differences in space, area, and level of restrictions. In regression analysis, belonging to one of the private accommodation cluster was significantly associated with better mental health compared to belonging to the collective accommodation cluster. Physical health was significantly lower in one private accommodation cluster characterized by poor access to public transport and a higher level of restrictions compared to a private accommodation cluster showing better connections and a lower level of restrictions.
conclusionWe demonstrate that unfavourable conditions cluster in collective accommodation with negative outcomes for mental health but not for physical health. We also found health disparities across types of private accommodation. We conclude that housing plays a role in the production of health inequalities in ASR but needs to be assessed in a differentiated, multidimensional way.
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