ArticleBiosensors & bioelectronics2022
Paper-based immunoassay based on 96-well wax-printed paper plate combined with magnetic beads and colorimetric smartphone-assisted measure for reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva.
Article in Biosensors & bioelectronics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of sample site and collection procedure on identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Extraoral Detection of Biomarkers and Pathogens in Saliva: Comprehensive, Panoramic Review.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Preparation of FeMikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- Current status of detection strategies for pathogenic Escherichia coli: a brief review and summary.Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry · 2025Review
- Sustainable Sensing with Paper Microfluidics: Applications in Health, Environment, and Food Safety.Biosensors · 2024Review
- Impact of nanotechnology on conventional and artificial intelligence-based biosensing strategies for the detection of viruses.Discover nano · 2023Review
- Recent development of microfluidics-based platforms for respiratory virus detection.Biomicrofluidics · 2023Article
- Review
- Porous Structural Microfluidic Device for Biomedical Diagnosis: A Review.Micromachines · 2023Review
- Validation of Rapid and Economic Colorimetric Nanoparticle Assay for SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection in Saliva and Nasopharyngeal Swabs.Biosensors · 2023Article
- Achieving broad availability of SARS-CoV-2 detections via smartphone-based analysis.Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC · 2023Review
- Outlook of various diagnostics and nanodiagnostic techniques for COVID-19.Biosensors & bioelectronics: X · 2022Article
- COVID-19 variants' cross-reactivity on the paper microfluidic particle counting immunoassay.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Rapid and simultaneous visual typing of high-risk HPV-16/18 with use of integrated lateral flow strip platform.Mikrochimica acta · 2022Article
- Smartphone-Based Multiplexed Biosensing Tools for Health Monitoring.Biosensors · 2022Review
- A general controllable release amplification strategy of liposomes for single-particle collision electrochemical biosensing.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2022Article
- Article
- Fabrication of microtiter plate on paper using 96-well plates for wax stamping.Microfluidics and nanofluidics · 2022Article
- Sustainable materials and COVID-19 detection biosensor: A brief review.Sensors international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recognized as a global pandemic outbreak, opening the most severe socio-economic crisis since World War II. Different scientific activities have been emerged in this global scenario, including the development of innovative analytical tools to measure nucleic acid, antibodies, and antigens in the nasopharyngeal swab, serum, and saliva for prompt identification of COVID-19 patients and to evaluate the immune response to the vaccine. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva remains a challenge for the lack of sufficient sensitivity. To address this issue, we developed a novel paper-based immunoassay using magnetic beads to support the immunological chain and 96-well wax-printed paper plate as a platform for color visualization by using a smartphone combined with Spotxel free-charge app. To assess the reliability of the measurement of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva, untreated saliva was used as a specimen and the calibration curve demonstrated a dynamic range up to 10 μg/mL, with a detection limit equal to 0.1 μg/mL. The effectiveness of this sustainable analytical tool in saliva was evaluated by comparing the data with the nasopharyngeal swab specimens sampled by the same patients and tested with Real-Time PCR reference method, founding 100% of agreement, even in the case of high Cycle Threshold (CT) numbers (low viral load). Furthermore, the positive saliva samples were characterized by the next-generation sequencing method, demonstrating the capability to detect the Delta variant, which is actually (July 2021) the most relevant variant of concern.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.