ArticleScience advances2022
3D-printed flexible organic light-emitting diode displays.
Article in Science advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Three-Dimensional Interconnect Technologies for Advanced Flexible Electronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Origami and Kirigami on Nanomembranes: Design, Fabrication, and Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Surface-Engineered ZnO Nanoparticles via Acetone Immersion for Charge-Balanced High Resolution Full-Color Organic Light Emitting Diode Displays.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Functional Nano-to-Microstructures by Jet Printing and Direct Ink Writing.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- 3D Printed Flexible Piezoelectric Sensors for Integrated Hybrid Electronics.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Efficient Red Electroluminescent Copper Complexes with Fluorination-Balanced Dual Emission.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Challenges and opportunities in next-generation LED therapeutic devices.Light, science & applications · 2025Review
- Achieving impact-buffered compressible batteries through 3D printing-assisted design of negative Poisson's ratio structural electrodes.Fundamental research · 2025Article
- From Soft Lithography to 3D Printing: Current Status and Future of Microfluidic Device Fabrication.Polymers · 2025Review
- Impact of the Electrode Material on the Performance of Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Intrinsically stretchable fully π-conjugated polymers with inter-aggregate capillary interaction for deep-blue flexible inkjet-printed light-emitting diodes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Continuous Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Strength and Electrostatic Discharge Resistance Analysis of Additively Manufactured Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PET-G) Parts for Potential Electronic Application.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Polymer Materials for Optoelectronics and Energy Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- High internal phase emulsions gel ink for direct-ink-writing 3D printing of liquid metal.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Programmed multimaterial assembly by synergized 3D printing and freeform laser induction.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Transient charge-driven 3D conformal printing via pulsed-plasma impingement.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- All-solution-processed ultraflexible wearable sensor enabled with universal trilayer structure for organic optoelectronic devices.Science advances · 2024Article
- Processable circularly polarized luminescence material enables flexible stereoscopic 3D imaging.Science advances · 2023Article
- Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors.ACS nano · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The ability to fully 3D-print active electronic and optoelectronic devices will enable unique device form factors via strategies untethered from conventional microfabrication facilities. Currently, the performance of 3D-printed optoelectronics can suffer from nonuniformities in the solution-deposited active layers and unstable polymer-metal junctions. Here, we demonstrate a multimodal printing methodology that results in fully 3D-printed flexible organic light-emitting diode displays. The electrodes, interconnects, insulation, and encapsulation are all extrusion-printed, while the active layers are spray-printed. Spray printing leads to improved layer uniformity via suppression of directional mass transport in the printed droplets. By exploiting the viscoelastic oxide surface of the printed cathode droplets, a mechanical reconfiguration process is achieved to increase the contact area of the polymer-metal junctions. The uniform cathode array is intimately interfaced with the top interconnects. This hybrid approach creates a fully 3D-printed flexible 8 × 8 display with all pixels turning on successfully.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.