ArticleJournal of public health (Oxford, England)2023
COVID-19 vaccination uptake amongst ethnic minority communities in England: a linked study exploring the drivers of differential vaccination rates.
Article in Journal of public health (Oxford, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Pooled it
- Overcoming COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among ethnic minorities: A systematic review of UK studies.Vaccine · 2022Pooled it
- Trends in socio-demographic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake by vaccine dose and time after the introduction of COVID-19 vaccination in Israel: epidemiological and policy analysis study.Israel journal of health policy research · 2026Article
- What drives adult vaccine hesitancy? Content and face validation of a new measure for U. S. Adults.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Delayed access to COVID-19 vaccination among migrants in Spain during 2021: an electronic health records-based study.Journal of migration and health · 2026Article
- Is equitable priority vaccination of vulnerable people feasible in a real-world context? The case of Belgium.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Public Involvement in a Systematic Review Project: Reporting Our Approach Using the ACTIVE Framework.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Mapping Vaccination Mindsets among UK Residents of Black Ethnicities with HIV: Lessons from COVID-19.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- 'It was just the given thing to do': exploring enablers for high childhood vaccination uptake in East London's Bangladeshi community-a qualitative study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Research across multiple disciplines to respond to health shocks.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Article
- Non-communicable diseases: research priorities to mitigate impact of health system shocks.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Article
- Connect, collaborate and tailor: a model of community engagement through infographic design during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination and Public Health: Addressing Global, Regional, and Within-Country Inequalities.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Article
- A Snapshot of COVID-19 Vaccine Discourse Related to Ethnic Minority Communities in the United Kingdom Between January and April 2022: Mixed Methods Analysis.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Marginalisation and distrust in the context of the COVID-19 vaccination programme: experiences of communities in a northern UK city region.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Covid-19 vaccination among migrants in Rome, Italy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Ethnic inequities in routine childhood vaccinations in England 2006-2021: an observational cohort study using electronic health records.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite generally high coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination rates in the UK, vaccination hesitancy and lower take-up rates have been reported in certain ethnic minority communities.
methodsWe used vaccination data from the National Immunisation Management System (NIMS) linked to the 2011 Census and individual health records for subjects aged ≥40 years (n = 24 094 186). We estimated age-standardized vaccination rates, stratified by ethnic group and key sociodemographic characteristics, such as religious affiliation, deprivation, educational attainment, geography, living conditions, country of birth, language skills and health status. To understand the association of ethnicity with lower vaccination rates, we conducted a logistic regression model adjusting for differences in geographic, sociodemographic and health characteristics. ResultsAll ethnic groups had lower age-standardized rates of vaccination compared with the white British population, whose vaccination rate of at least one dose was 94% (95% CI: 94%-94%). Black communities had the lowest rates, with 75% (74-75%) of black African and 66% (66-67%) of black Caribbean individuals having received at least one dose. The drivers of these lower rates were partly explained by accounting for sociodemographic differences. However, modelled estimates showed significant differences remained for all minority ethnic groups, compared with white British individuals.
conclusionsLower COVID-19 vaccination rates are consistently observed amongst all ethnic minorities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.