ArticleInfection and drug resistance2021
Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus Infection Among Humans, Horses, and Pigeons in Saudi Arabia.
Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence of West Nile virus exposure in healthy donors and a clinical case in an immunocompromised child: emerging public health implications.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The Detection and Differentiation of Pigeon Adenovirus Types 1 and 2 via a High-Resolution Melting Curve Platform.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Current epidemiological status of mosquito-borne arboviruses in Gulf countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2025Review
- First detection of West Nile virus seropositivity in horses in southern Iraq.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Scanning of antennae and maxillary palps of anthropophilicVeterinary world · 2024Article
- The Appropriateness of Using Fixed Assay Cut-offs for Estimating Seroprevalence [Letter].Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- The Appropriateness to Use Fixed Assay Cut-Offs for Estimating Seroprevalence [Response to Letter].Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study was designed to investigate the seroprevalence of WNV antibodies in humans, horses, and pigeons in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND
methodsBlood samples were collected from 323 humans, 147 horses, and 282 pigeons from two regions, Al-Ahsa and Al-Qatif, in East of Saudi Arabia. Serum samples were tested for anti-WNV antibodies by ELISA.
resultsThe percentage of anti-WNV antibodies in the human population was found to be 9.6% (3.1% in females and 6.5% in males). This percentage was much higher in horses, as 71.4% (105/147) of the horses had anti-WNV antibodies. However, no statistically significant difference in the anti-WNV antibody prevalence was found among horses from the two regions, Al-Ahsa (73.9%) and Al-Qatif (70.3%) (P value 0.665, 95% CI 0.37-1.82). No significant difference was found in the frequency of WNV antibodies among different age groups from humans or horses. Noticeably, 72.7% of the horses had detectable anti-WNV antibodies by the age of 1 year. In total, 53.19% (150/282) of the pigeons in the study had anti-WNV antibodies.
conclusionOur study provided the first evidence for anti-WNV antibody detection in humans and pigeons. This study further ascertained the high seroprevalence of the virus in horses as reported previously by Hemida et al 2019. Overall data indicates that WNV is endemic in Saudi Arabia. These findings suggest that more attention should be given to the diagnosis and reporting of WNV infections in human and animals and monitoring of virus circulation in the environment.
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