Observational studyBMJ open2022
Time trends, associations and prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma: an analysis of observational data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- AI for glaucoma, Are we reporting well? a systematic literature review of DECIDE-AI checklist adherence.Eye (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Fighting Bleb Fibrosis After Glaucoma Surgery: Updated Focus on Key Players and Novel Targets for Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of laser trabeculoplasty compared to drug therapy for the management of open-angle glaucoma: systematic review and meta-analysis study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Association Between Daily Niacin Intake and Glaucoma.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Minimally Invasive Bleb Surgery for Glaucoma: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2024Pooled it
- A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing STREAMLINE Canaloplasty to Trabecular Micro-Bypass Stent Implantation in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Trial
- Assessing physical activity and sleep patterns in glaucoma using wearable devices.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Sensory decline in aging and neurodegeneration: A mitochondrial perspective.Pharmacological research · 2026Review
- Article
- Clinical recommendations for early identification of patients with open-angle glaucoma at higher risk of low adherence to topical treatment: An Italian Delphi consensus.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Clinic-based burden of glaucoma among Sahrawi refugees in the Tindouf camps.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Subjective and objective visual impairment and all-cause mortality in older US adults: the role of physical activity and depressive symptoms in NHANES 2007-2008.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Changes in Ocular Tissue Elasticity Before and After Trabeculectomy Using Shear Wave Elastography.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Network Analysis of Convergent and Specific Molecular Pathways of Nutraceuticals with Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Potential in Glaucoma.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and Clinical Determinants of Glaucoma in a Sub-Saharan African Population: A Case-Control Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Comparative Effectiveness of Timolol-Based Fixed-Combination Regimens for Glaucoma: a Retrospective Cohort Study Using Target Trial Emulation Framework.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Ocular and Systemic Pharmacokinetics of Baicalein and Baicalin After Intravitreal Injection and Oral Administration in Mice.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- SwinCup-DiscNet: A fusion transformer framework for glaucoma diagnosis using optic disc and cup features.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Circadian IOP Rhythm in Rats Is Driven by Neural Signals From the Brain.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Robust benchmarking of DeepLabv3 hybrid models for multiclass fundus screening and referable-disease triage on the FIVES dataset.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate global prevalence of blindness and vision loss caused by glaucoma, and to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic factors on it.
designA population-based observational study.
settingThe prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 database. The Human Development Index (HDI), inequality-adjusted HDI and other socioeconomic data were acquired from international open databases.
main outcome measuresThe prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma by age, gender, subregion and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) levels. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the associations between the prevalence and socioeconomic indicators.
resultsThe overall age-standardised prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma worldwide was 81.5 per 100 000 in 1990 and 75.6 per 100 000 in 2017. In 2017, men had a higher age-standardised prevalence than women (6.07% vs 5.42%), and the worldwide prevalence increased with age, from 0.5 per 100 000 in the 45-49 year age group to 112.9 per 100 000 among those 70+. Eastern Mediterranean and African regions had the highest prevalence during the whole period, while the Americas region had the lowest prevalence. The prevalence was highest in low-SDI and low-income regions while lowest in high-SDI and high-income regions over the past 27 years. Multiple linear regression showed cataract surgery rate (β=-0.01, p=0.009), refractive error prevalence (β=-0.03, p=0.024) and expected years of schooling (β= -8.33, p=0.035) were associated with lower prevalence, while gross national income per capita (β=0.002, p<0.001) was associated with higher prevalence.
conclusionsLower socioeconomic levels and worse access to eyecare services are associated with higher prevalence of glaucoma-related blindness and vision loss. These findings provide evidence for policy-makers that investments in these areas may reduce the burden of the leading cause of irreversible blindness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.