Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34991544›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2022

Characterizing the transmission patterns of seasonal influenza in Italy: lessons from the last decade.

Filippo Trentini, Elena Pariani, Antonino Bella, Giulio Diurno, Lucia Crottogini, Caterina Rizzo, Stefano Merler, Marco Ajelli

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. The New Quadrivalent Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine for the Italian Elderly: A Health Technology Assessment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Filippo TrentiniCenter for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy. ftrentini@fbk.eu.
Elena ParianiDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Antonino BellaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy.
Giulio DiurnoGeneral Directorate for Health Planning, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy.
Lucia CrottoginiUnità Organizzativa Prevenzione, Regione Lombardia, Milan, Italy.
Caterina Rizzo *Clinical Pathways and Epidemiology Functional Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS IT, Rome, Italy.
Stefano Merler *Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy.
Marco Ajelli *Laboratory for Computational Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite thousands of influenza cases annually recorded by surveillance systems around the globe, estimating the transmission patterns of seasonal influenza is challenging.

methodsWe develop an age-structured mathematical model to influenza transmission to analyze ten consecutive seasons (from 2010 to 2011 to 2019-2020) of influenza epidemiological and virological data reported to the Italian surveillance system.

resultsWe estimate that 18.4-29.3% of influenza infections are detected by the surveillance system. Influenza infection attack rate varied between 12.7 and 30.5% and is generally larger for seasons characterized by the circulation of A/H3N2 and/or B types/subtypes. Individuals aged 14 years or less are the most affected age-segment of the population, with A viruses especially affecting children aged 0-4 years. For all influenza types/subtypes, the mean effective reproduction number is estimated to be generally in the range 1.09-1.33 (9 out of 10 seasons) and never exceeding 1.41. The age-specific susceptibility to infection appears to be a type/subtype-specific feature.

conclusionsThe results presented in this study provide insights on type/subtype-specific transmission patterns of seasonal influenza that could be instrumental to fine-tune immunization strategies and non-pharmaceutical interventions aimed at limiting seasonal influenza spread and burden.

Indexed as

Influenza, HumanChildHumansInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeItalySeasonsVaccinationBurdenEproduction numberSeasonal influenzaSusceptibility to infection

Identifiers

PMID34991544
PMCPMC8734132

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.