ArticleEnvironment international2022
A nationwide indicator to smooth and normalize heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 RNA data in wastewater.
Article in Environment international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine learning-enabled wastewater-based surveillance for emerging pathogen detection and monitoring: current applications, challenges, and future prospects.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Review
- Optimization of a Semi-nested PCR Protocol for Amplifying the Entire Spike Protein Region to Identify SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Wastewater.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Wastewater genomic surveillance identifies the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 lineage in urban settings of Gujarat.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Long-term wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: a 5.5-year study reveals correlation with public health indicators and early warning potential during and after the pandemic.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Unsupervised detection and fitness estimation of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants: Application to wastewater samples (ANRS0160).PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Comparative Assessment of Wastewater-Based Surveillance Normalization Methods to Improve Pathogen Monitoring in Rural Sewersheds.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Surveillance in France: The SUM'EAU Network.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Estimating rates of change to interpret quantitative wastewater surveillance of disease trends.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Redefining pandemic preparedness: Multidisciplinary insights from the CERP modelling workshop in infectious diseases, workshop report.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2024Review
- Wastewater-based epidemiology: deriving a SARS-CoV-2 data validation method to assess data quality and to improve trend recognition.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Longitudinal fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2, pepper mild mottle virus, and human mitochondrial DNA in COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Characterizing Spatial Information Loss for Wastewater Surveillance Using crAssphage: Effect of Decay, Temperature, and Population Mobility.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Predicting COVID-19 Incidence Using Wastewater Surveillance Data, Denmark, October 2021-June 2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- A wastewater-based risk index for SARS-CoV-2 infections among three cities on the Canadian Prairie.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- The dynamic relationship between COVID-19 cases and SARS-CoV-2 wastewater concentrations across time and space: Considerations for model training data sets.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Wastewater-based epidemiology approach: The learning lessons from COVID-19 pandemic and the development of novel guidelines for future pandemics.Chemosphere · 2023Article
- Regional and temporal differences in the relation between SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers in wastewater and estimated infection prevalence - Insights from long-term surveillance.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Does normalization of SARS-CoV-2 concentrations by Pepper Mild Mottle Virus improve correlations and lead time between wastewater surveillance and clinical data in Alberta (Canada): comparing twelve SARS-CoV-2 normalization approaches.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Temporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 genome and detection of variants of concern in wastewater influent from two metropolitan areas in Arkansas.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- From Alpha to Omicron BA.2: New digital RT-PCR approach and challenges for SARS-CoV-2 VOC monitoring and normalization of variant dynamics in wastewater.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since many infected people experience no or few symptoms, the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is frequently monitored through massive virus testing of the population, an approach that may be biased and may be difficult to sustain in low-income countries. Since SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in stool samples, quantifying SARS-CoV-2 genome by RT-qPCR in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been carried out as a complementary tool to monitor virus circulation among human populations. However, measuring SARS-CoV-2 viral load in WWTPs can be affected by many experimental and environmental factors. To circumvent these limits, we propose here a novel indicator, the wastewater indicator (WWI), that partly reduces and corrects the noise associated with the SARS-CoV-2 genome quantification in wastewater (average noise reduction of 19%). All data processing results in an average correlation gain of 18% with the incidence rate. The WWI can take into account the censorship linked to the limit of quantification (LOQ), allows the automatic detection of outliers to be integrated into the smoothing algorithm, estimates the average measurement error committed on the samples and proposes a solution for inter-laboratory normalization in the absence of inter-laboratory assays (ILA). This method has been successfully applied in the context of Obépine, a French national network that has been quantifying SARS-CoV-2 genome in a representative sample of French WWTPs since March 5th 2020. By August 26th, 2021, 168 WWTPs were monitored in the French metropolitan and overseas territories of France. We detail the process of elaboration of this indicator, show that it is strongly correlated to the incidence rate and that the optimal time lag between these two signals is only a few days, making our indicator an efficient complement to the incidence rate. This alternative approach may be especially important to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in human populations when the testing rate is low.
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