ArticleEnvironment international2022
Presence of parabens, phenols and phthalates in paired maternal serum, urine and amniotic fluid.
Article in Environment international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are Wild Boars Exposed to Triclosan and Triclocarban?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Development and application of a blubber-based detection protocol for phthalate ester metabolites in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
- Review
- Association of umbilical cord blood phthalate levels with neonatal growth parameters in term pregnancies.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Preterm birth attributable to exposure to chemicals used in plastic materials: a global estimate.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Pregnancy exposure to individual phthalate concentrations and their mixtures in relation to pediatric serum antibody response.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Biomonitoring: a demonstration of the importance of direct analytical methods for the assessment of chemical exposures.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Article
- Association of prenatal parabens exposure with adverse pregnancy outcomes: the role of prenatal depressive symptoms.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Fetal exposure to a mixture of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and biomarkers of male fecundity: A population-based cohort study.Andrology · 2026Article
- Intrauterine Exposure to Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals and Risk of Hypospadias: A Pilot Study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Maternal-Fetal Transfer and Toxicokinetics of 2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl, [Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Transplacental transfer efficiency of environmental chemicals in association with gestational diabetes mellitus.Environment international · 2025Article
- Determination of Chemical Mixtures in Environmental, Food, and Human Samples Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Suspect Screening Approaches.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Horizontal and longitudinal targeted metabolomics in healthy pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus.Acta diabetologica · 2025Article
- Foetal Exposure to Phthalates and Endocrine Effects on the Leydig Cell.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Review
- Maternal urinary concentrations of bisphenol A during pregnancy and birth size in children from the Odense Child Cohort.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- Gestational exposure to environmental chemical mixtures and cognitive abilities in children: A pooled analysis of two North American birth cohorts.Environment international · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to phthalates and phthalate replacements in relation to chorionic plate surface vasculature at delivery.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Exposure to Multiple Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Associations with Female Infertility: A Case-Control Study.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Simultaneous analysis of several plasticizer classes in different matrices by on-line turbulent flow chromatography-LC-MS/MS.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine whether selected endocrine disrupting chemicals were present in pregnant women and passed through the placental barrier to amniotic fluid, potentially exposing the developing fetus.
methodsPaired samples of maternal serum, urine and amniotic fluid were concurrently collected (<1 h) from 200 pregnant women (age >18 years) with a singleton pregnancy and undergoing amniocentesis between gestational weeks 12 - 36. The concentration of six different parabens, seven phenols, 31 metabolites from 15 phthalate diesters and the polychlorinated substance triclocarban were analyzed by isotope diluted TurboFlow-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
resultsConcentrations of all included compounds were highest in maternal urine followed by serum, and lowest in amniotic fluid. Of the six parabens measured in amniotic fluid, methylparaben (MeP) and ethylparaben (EtP) were detectable most often (87% and 33% of the samples, respectively). Of the seven phenols measured, three (2,4-dichlorphenol, 2,5-dichlorphenol, 2-propylphenol) were detectable in the range of 14-21% of the amniotic fluid samples, at low concentrations (<0.12 ng/ml). Two secondary phthalates metabolites, mono-(2-carboxymethyl-hexyl) phthalate and mono-carboxy-iso-octyl phthalate were each present in ≤15% of the amniotic fluid samples at concentrations 2-5 times lower than in maternal serum and 20-100 times lower than in maternal urine. A modest statistically significant correlation between the levels of MeP and EtP was detected in paired maternal urine-amniotic fluid samples was detected (Spearman r
conclusionsIn general, the included parabens, phenols and phthalates were effectively metabolized and excreted via the urine, which was the matrix that reflected the highest detectable levels. The detectable levels of several included parabens and phthalates in human amniotic fluid calls for further investigations of the toxicokinetic and potential endocrine disrupting properties of individual and multiple endocrine disruptors in order to better assess the risk to the developing fetus.
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