ArticleJCI insight2022
Aerosol delivery, but not intramuscular injection, of adenovirus-vectored tuberculosis vaccine induces respiratory-mucosal immunity in humans.
Article in JCI insight, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02337270 (Phase 1, Open-label Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Adenovirus-based Tuberculosis Vaccine Administered by Aerosol), which is not on this map. Cited by 71 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 1, Open-label Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Adenovirus-based Tuberculosis Vaccine Administered by Aerosol
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immunity and vaccine development.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Research Advances for Virus-vectored Tuberculosis Vaccines and Latest Findings on Tuberculosis Vaccine Development.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of an aerosolized or intramuscular adenovirus type 5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine on Fc-mediated immune effector functions in a hybrid immunity population.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Tolerability and immunogenicity of an intranasally-administered adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine: An open-label partially-randomised ascending dose phase I trial.EBioMedicine · 2022Trial
- Respiratory mucosal immunity: Biological functions, diseases, prevention and therapy.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- A novel cystic fibrosis-mimetic Pseudomonas auxotrophic vaccine is protective in vivo and is associated with IL-17/IgA mucosal Immunity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- HowVaccines · 2026Review
- Tissue-resident memory T cells reshapeFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Trained immunity-based mucosal immunotherapies for preventing respiratory infections: a translational, evidence-graded appraisal of platforms, populations, and the protection-immunopathology balance.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Advances and prospects of respiratory mucosal vaccines: mechanisms, technologies, and clinical applications.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- Review
- Review
- Mucosal immunity and vaccination strategies: current insights and future perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- A novel nanoparticle vaccine displaying multistage tuberculosis antigens confers protection in mice infected with H37Rv.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Induction of lung mucosal immunity by a next-generation inhaled aerosol COVID-19 vaccine: an open-label, multi-arm phase 1 clinical trial.Nature communications · 2025Article
- AeroVax: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of a next-generation COVID-19 vaccine delivered by inhaled aerosol to humans.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Immunogenicity ofVaccines · 2025Article
- Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundAdenovirus-vectored (Ad-vectored) vaccines are typically administered via i.m. injection to humans and are incapable of inducing respiratory mucosal immunity. However, aerosol delivery of Ad-vectored vaccines remains poorly characterized, and its ability to induce mucosal immunity in humans is unknown. This phase Ib trial evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of human serotype-5 Ad-vectored tuberculosis (TB) vaccine (AdHu5Ag85A) delivered to humans via inhaled aerosol or i.m. injection.MethodsThirty-one healthy, previously BCG-vaccinated adults were enrolled. AdHu5Ag85A was administered by single-dose aerosol using Aeroneb Solo Nebulizer or by i.m. injection. The study consisted of the low-dose (LD) aerosol, high-dose (HD) aerosol, and i.m. groups. The adverse events were assessed at various times after vaccination. Immunogenicity data were collected from the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage samples at baseline, as well as at select time points after vaccination.ResultsThe nebulized aerosol droplets were < 5.39 μm in size. Both LD and HD of AdHu5Ag85A administered by aerosol inhalation and i.m. injection were safe and well tolerated. Both aerosol doses, particularly LD, but not i.m., vaccination markedly induced airway tissue-resident memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of polyfunctionality. While as expected, i.m. vaccination induced Ag85A-specific T cell responses in the blood, the LD aerosol vaccination also elicited such T cells in the blood. Furthermore, the LD aerosol vaccination induced persisting transcriptional changes in alveolar macrophages.ConclusionInhaled aerosol delivery of Ad-vectored vaccine is a safe and superior way to elicit respiratory mucosal immunity. This study warrants further development of aerosol vaccine strategies against respiratory pathogens, including TB and COVID-19.Trial registrationClinicalTrial.gov, NCT02337270.FundingThe Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada funded this work.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.