Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34990157›Full record

ArticleJournal of experimental psychology. General2022

Genetic associations between executive functions and intelligence: A combined twin and adoption study.

Daniel E Gustavson, Chandra A Reynolds, Robin P Corley, Sally J Wadsworth, John K Hewitt, Naomi P Friedman

Abstract readTwin Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of experimental psychology. General, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Stability of general cognitive ability from infancy to adulthood: A combined twin and genomic investigation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Daniel E GustavsonDepartment of Medicine.ORCID 0000-0002-1470-4928
Chandra A ReynoldsDepartment of Psychology.ORCID 0000-0001-6502-7173
Robin P CorleyInstitute for Behavioral Genetics.ORCID 0000-0002-2938-4170
Sally J WadsworthInstitute for Behavioral Genetics.ORCID 0000-0002-1909-6677
John K HewittInstitute for Behavioral Genetics.ORCID 0000-0001-9415-2723
Naomi P FriedmanInstitute for Behavioral Genetics.ORCID 0000-0002-4901-808X

Funding

Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development & cognitive aging (CATSLife2)R01AG046938 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI REYNOLDS, CHANDRA A, WADSWORTH, SALLY J · 2015 to 2024
$18.5M
Neural Substrates of Executive Function: An fMRI Twin StudyR01MH063207 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI FRIEDMAN, NAOMI P. · 2001 to 2018
$6.5M
Neurobiological Markers of Rhythm: Risk and Resilience for Language AcquisitionR01DC016977 · NIDCD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GORDON, REYNA LEIGH · 2019 to 2023
$3.5M
Brain and Genetic Predictors of Individual Differences in Pain and Placebo AnalgesiaR01DA046064 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI FRIEDMAN, NAOMI P., WAGER, TOR D. · 2018 to 2022
$3.2M
A Twin Study of Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Use Development: Leveraging Intensive Longitudinal AssessmentsU01DA046413 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI FRIEDMAN, NAOMI P., VRIEZE, SCOTT IAN · 2018 to 2022
$2.7M
The Role of Executive Functions in Cognitive Aging and Risk for Mild Cognitive ImpairmentR03AG065643 · NIA · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GUSTAVSON, DANIEL · 2020 to 2021
$173k
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG046938NIA NIH HHS R03 AG065643NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA046064NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA046413NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC016977NIH HHSNIMH NIH HHS R01 MH063207
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Much debate has concerned the separability of executive function abilities and intelligence, with some evidence that the 2 constructs are genetically indistinguishable in children and adolescents but phenotypically and genetically distinct in older adolescents and adults. The current study leveraged data from twin and adoption studies to examine executive function's genetic structure in adulthood (

Indexed as

Executive FunctionIntelligenceAdolescentAdultChildHumansLongevityMemory, Short-TermTwins

Identifiers

PMID34990157
PMCPMC9256856

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.