Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34990005›Full record

ReviewCurrent nutrition reports2022

The Influence of Animal- or Plant-Based Diets on Blood and Urine Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels in Humans.

Mauro Lombardo, Giovanni Aulisa, Daniele Marcon, Gianluca Rizzo

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current nutrition reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
8.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Mauro LombardoDepartment of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy. mauro.lombardo@uniroma5.it.ORCID 0000-0001-7509-5487
Giovanni AulisaDepartment of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy.
Daniele MarconDepartment of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy.
Gianluca RizzoIndependent Researcher, Via Venezuela, 66, Messina, 98121, Italy.
San Raffaele University of Rome · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewThe aim of the review was to evaluate which diets are associated with higher TMAO levels. RECENT

findingsSeveral studies have shown that plasma and urinary levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are a reliable indicator of cardiovascular disease risk. Diet certainly has a strong influence on TMAO levels, but there is still uncertainty about which diet is the most effective in reducing this risk factor. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for studies that were published up until July 1, 2021 using specific keywords. In total, 447 studies were evaluated, of which papers on individual foods or supplements, or conducted in children, in vitro or in animal model studies were excluded. Twenty-five studies were included in this review. Three studies showed that caloric restriction and (visceral) weight loss improve TMAO levels. Six out of eight studies revealed beneficial effects of plant-based diets on plasma or urinary TMAO concentrations. Most of the studies demonstrated that a diet high in protein, particularly of animal origin, such as diets rich in fish or red meat, have negative effects on TMAO levels. Most studies that have evaluated the relationship between diet and plasma or urinary concentrations of TMAO seem to indicate that plant-based diets (Mediterranean, vegetarian and vegan) are effective in improving TMAO levels, while animal-based diets appear to have the opposite effect. Further long-term studies are needed to assess whether vegetarian or vegan diets are more effective than the Mediterranean diet in reducing TMAO levels.

Indexed as

Diet, MediterraneanDiet, VeganAnimalsHumansMethylaminesOxidesMethylaminesOxidestrimethylaminetrimethyloxamineAnimalCVDDietPlant-basedProteinTMAO

Identifiers

PMID34990005
OpenAlexW4206574242

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.