Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34989910›Full record

ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2022

Brand new norms for a good old test: Northern Italy normative study of MiniMental State Examination.

Giuseppe Foderaro, Valeria Isella, Andrea Mazzone, Elena Biglia, Marco Di Gangi, Fabrizio Pasotti, Flavia Sansotera, Monica Grobberio, Vanessa Raimondi, Cristina Mapelli and 4 more

Erratum issued 2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
4.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06435559 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

CHEMioterapia e Deterioramento cOgnitivo Nelle Pazienti aFfette da Carcinoma Mammario

TypeinterventionalSponsorFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoRan2024 to 2026Enrolled128ConditionsBreast CancerArmsNeurotablet® and Neuropsychological evaluations, Neuropsychological evaluations
NCT06701630 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Functional and Behavioural Scales Validation in Italian.

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorCasa di Cura IGEARan2024 to 2026Enrolled390ConditionsNeurologically Unimpaired Elderly Participants, Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Major Neurocognitive Disorder
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

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  3. Validation of the Italian version of the In-Person Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (IP-TICS).Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
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  12. Telephone-based cognitive screening in neurodegenerative MCI and dementia: preliminary findings from the TBCS Study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
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  16. Article
  17. The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) 8.1 version, including the memory index score (MoCA-MIS): Italian norms.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Screening properties of the updated normative framework for the Italian MMSE in MCI and dementia.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
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  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.

Giuseppe Foderaro *EOC Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano Regional Hospital, Lugano, Canton Ticino, Switzerland.
Valeria Isella *Neurology Department, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. valeria.isella@unimib.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1850-1236
Andrea MazzoneRedaelli Geriatric Institute, Milan, Italy.
Elena BigliaEOC Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano Regional Hospital, Lugano, Canton Ticino, Switzerland.
Marco Di GangiPsychology, Psychotherapy and Neuropsychology Center, Canton Ticino, Minusio, Switzerland.
Fabrizio PasottiDepartment of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Flavia SansoteraEOC Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano Regional Hospital, Lugano, Canton Ticino, Switzerland.
Monica GrobberioClinical Neuropsychology Lab, Neurology Department and Clinical Psychology Unit, ASST Lariana, Como, Italy.
Vanessa RaimondiPsychology Service and Neurology Unit, ASST Crema, Crema, Italy.
Cristina MapelliNeurology Department, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Francesca FerriNeurology Department, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Valentina ImpagnatielloNeurology Department, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Carlo FerrareseNeurology Department, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Ildebrando Marco AppollonioNeurology Department, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
University of Milano-Bicocca · ITEnte Ospedaliero Cantonale · CHAzienda Ospedaliera Ospedale Maggiore · ITAzienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Lariana · ITLaboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences · CHNeuroscience Institute · ITUniversity of Pavia · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimMini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is one of the most used tests for the screening of global cognition in patients with neurological and medical disorders. Norms for the Italian version of the test were published in the 90 s; more recent norms were published in 2020 for Southern Italy only. In the present study, we computed novel adjustment coefficients, equivalent scores and cut-off value for Northern Italy (Lombardia and Veneto) and Italian speaking Switzerland.

methodsWe recruited 361 healthy young and old (range: 20-95 years) individuals of both sexes (men: 156, women: 205) and from different educational levels (range: 4-22 years). Neuropsychiatric disorders and severe medical conditions were excluded with a questionnaire and cognitive deficits and were ruled out with standardized neuropsychological tests assessing the main cognitive domains. We used a slightly modified version of MMSE: the word 'fiore' was replaced with 'pane' in verbal recalls to reduce the common interference error 'casa, cane, gatto'. The effect of socio-demographic features on performance at MMSE was assessed via multiple linear regression, with test raw score as dependent variable and sex, logarithm of 101-age and square root of schooling as predictors.

resultsMean raw MMSE score was 28.8 ± 1.7 (range: 23-30). Multiple linear regression showed a significant effect of all socio-demographic variables and reported a value of R

conclusionWe provide here updated norms for a putatively more accurate version of Italian MMSE, produced in a Northern population but potentially valid all over Italy.

Indexed as

Cognition DisordersAge FactorsCognitionFemaleHumansItalyMaleMental Status and Dementia TestsNeuropsychological TestsCognitive screeningMiniMental State ExaminationMMSENeuropsychological assessmentNormative study

Identifiers

PMID34989910
PMCPMC9018649
OpenAlexW4205799782

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.